Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 32

Apiculture is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. The four important species of honey bee are Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Apis florea. Apis indica, which is commonly called as rock bee or giant honey bee, is the largest Indian variety with an average size of about 20 m.m. Indigenous peoples have traditionally used this species as a source of honey and beeswax, known as honey hunting. It is the most commonly used honeybee for apiculture.

Callus is a mass of unorganized parenchyma cells derived from the plant tissue or explants. In plant biology, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound.
Morula is a solid mass of cells resulting from the cleavage of the fertilized egg.
Blastula is a hollow sphere of cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Callus'.

The shoot tip culture used for obtaining disease free plant without genetical changes. The plant which affected by any contaminant mostly by viruses have saved by shoot tip culture, because shoot tip of any affected plant is less or free from contamination (viruses, bacteria, fungus or others). Plant shoot tip are more efficient to cultivation or differentiation in-vitro because cells of them newly generated and healthy comparison to other parts. 

This method of selection depends mainly on selection of plants according to their phenotype and performance. The seed from selected plants are bulked for the next generation. This method is used to improve the overall population by positive or negative mass selection. Mass selection is only applied to a limited degree in self-fertilizing plants and is an effective method for the improvement of land races. This method of selection will only be effective for highly heritable traits. One shortage of mass selection are the large influence that the environment has on the development, phenotype and performance of single plants. This can also be an advantage in that varieties can be selected for local performance. This method is practiced in both self and cross pollinated crops and plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype of appearance. Therefore, selection is done for easily observable characteristics such as plant height, ear/type, grain colour, grain size, etc. Thus, option C is correct.

Sunflower oil is produced from the seeds of sunflower. Sunflower seeds are rich in protein and yield a high quality vegetable oil used as cooking oil. 

Hardening refers to the preparation of the plants for a natural growth environment. During this process, plantlets are transferred from culture medium to the warm environment with high humidity and low light for short time period to make it easy to adjust in the natural environment. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The term pasturage refers to plants and vegetation on which grazing animals feed. Paturage is the flora from which honey bees collect nectar, pollen, and bee glue . These decide the quality and quantity of honey produced by honey bees.