Mix Test - 1

Water vapor is the most abundantly found greenhouse gas. It constituting around 35-70% of all the gases contributing to greenhouse effect. Increase in temperature results in a relatively high presence of water vapor in the atmosphere.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Methyl chloroform belongs to 'Ozone Depleting Substances'. There are other chemical substances apart fro. the chlorofluorocarbons that are generally grouped as ozone depleting substances. Methyl chloroform used on making industrial solvents. he total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC).

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Endangered species is a plant or animal species defined by IUCN as being in immediate danger of extinction because its members have reached a critical level or its habitals have been drastically reduced. A plant, Bentinckia condapanna/nicobarica (member of family Arecaceae) and the animal, Red panda, both are declared as endangered in India. Tamarind, Banyan etc are not endangered in India.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Environment includes both Abiotic and Biotic component. Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem. Abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems.

In ecology and biology, abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems. Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals. Examples Water, light, wind, soil, humidity, minerals, gases.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of earth due to an excessive amount of greenhouse gases namely CO₂, CH₄ etc. It can be controlled by reducing deforestation. A high plant cover utilizes the major amount of CO₂ from the air. Also another method of control is cutting down the use of fossil fuels which otherwise emits greenhouse gases like CO2,N₂O etc.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Eravikulam National Park conserves Nilgiri tahr.

The Eravikulam National Park, spread over 97 sq km, is a green paradise which is home to rare flora, fauna and wildlife. However, the biggest attraction of the park is Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), an endangered species of mountain goat.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

National parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose of conservation.

National park and sanctuaries provide a specific place where animals are kept in captivity in order to preserve the species. The purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India to conserve and protect the endangered species. To maintain the ecological balance and also to give the shelter to the endemic species.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

A greenhouse is a house that is made up of glass. It has many doors and roof which are made up of glass. A greenhouse remains warm during the winter. It is used by the people in colder regions where it is difficult to grow plants under extreme cold temperature.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Aquatic plant Water Hyacinth is effective in preventing the water-pollution caused by industrial waste. Water hyacinth multiplies rapidly in polluted environments & easily scavenges some in organic & organic compounds from water. Water hyacinth is a perennial, free-floating aquatic plant native to tropical regions of South America, and now present on all continents except Antarctica. Plants rapidly increase biomass and form dense mats, reproducing from stolons (i.e., vegetative runners).

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organization.

Organisms, populations, communities and biomes. Ecology is the study of the interactions of living organisms with their environment. Within the discipline of ecology, researchers work at four specific levels, sometimes discretely and sometimes with overlap.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The organic material will decompose in the buried solid waste due to the action of microorganisms. At first, the waste aerobically decomposes until the oxygen present in the freshly placed fill is used up by the aerobic microorganisms.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

The biological wealth of our planet declining rapidly because of human activities.

Various human activities are responsible for the rapid decline in the biological wealth of our planet. This is the result of various human activities such as excessive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, poaching, pollution, etc.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Recycling means, reusing some of the components of the waste that has some economic value. Aluminum can be recycled as many times as we want. The mining of new aluminum is quite expensive, and hence recycling of aluminum plays a vital role in the aluminum industry.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

The characteristic of each type of ecosystem is the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. The components are linked together with various nutrient cycles and energy flows. Thus it can be visualized as a functional unit of nature.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is the narrow zone which supports life.This realm contains all the living organisms found on earth.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The main nitrogen reservoir in the biosphere is atmosphere. Nitrogen is an essential component of many organic molecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, the building blocks of life. Air is the major reservoir of nitrogen that constitutes 79% of nitrogen gas (N₂).

Hence, the correct option is (D).

"Ecological succession is a random process" is not true about ecological succession. The sequential progression of species during succession, however, is not random. At every stage certain species have evolved life histories to exploit the particular conditions of the community.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

IUCN publishes information about endangered species world-wide as the Red list.

IUCN The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of quantitative criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Biodiversity has contributed in the development of human culture.

Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture and in turn human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species and ecological levels. One important part of biodiversity is 'crop diversity', which is also called agro-biodiversity.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

There are five types of primary pollutants together contribute to about 90 per cent of the global air pollution.

These are carbon oxides (CO and CO2), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds (mostly hydrocarbons) and suspended particulate matter (SPMs). Primary air pollutants: Pollutants that are formed and emitted directly from particular sources. Examples are particulates, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The destruction of the ozone layer causes harm to positive vegetation and to plankton and accordingly affecting nature's food chains and food webs. This in turn causes an increase in carbon dioxide due to the decrease in vegetation. Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation levels at the Earth's surface, which is damaging to human health. Negative effects include increases in certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and immune deficiency disorders.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Biopiracy is exploitation of bioresources of a company by organisations and multinationals for commercial purpose with or without patent but without any Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABA). Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which can provide commercial benefits. They are abundant in developing countries have traditional knowledge related in bioresources. On the other hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Traditional knowledge helps in saving time, effort and expenditure in developing refined product for commercialisation. Therefore, based on traditional knowledge, institutions and companies of industrialised nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented. So, the correct answer is 'Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission'.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

The human population is dynamic. Thus the changing nature of the human population is called the dynamics of the human population. The dynamic studies include the size and age composition of the human population.

The study of human population dynamics, is a fundamental part of human ecology. The explosive growth of the human population, especially in the last century, is an underlying cause of the human predicament today and will continue to be for the foreseeable future.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Gross primary productivity and net primary productivity are the two types of primary productivity. The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is defined as the gross primary productivity, while the net primary productivity is the energy left after the respiration i.e. the gross primary productivity subtracted by respiration losses.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Water is an abiotic component of a pond ecosystem. Water is essential for the growth and transfer of gases, nutrients within the organisms. The pond is an example of a fresh-water ecosystem. 

In a typical waste stabilization pond ecosystem, the principal abiotic components are oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and nutrients, whereas the biotic components include bacteria, protozoa, and a variety of other organisms.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Carbon is the element which limits the productivity of ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is the gas which is absorbed by plants for the process of photosynthesis. As a result of photosynthesis, CO₂ is converted into glucose, which is the energy produced for the plants as well as the heterotrophs which depend on autotrophic plants. The availability of carbon element determines the rate of photosynthesis, which is an important process in the release of oxygen, being used by other organisms surviving on earth.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Carbon dioxide $\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)$ is one of the end products of decomposition and its nature is inorganic.

Decomposition is a complex process. Organic matter is broken down into carbon dioxide and the mineral forms of nutrients like nitrogen. It is also converted into fungi and bacteria through these organisms feeding on the organic material and reproducing.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

A niche is an organisms role in the ecosystem and it does includes what it eats, where it lives and what it does?

A niche is the role a species plays in the ecosystem. In other words, a niche is how an organism “makes a living.” A niche will include the organism's role in the flow of energy through the ecosystem. An organism's niche also includes how the organism interacts with other organisms, and its role in recycling nutrients.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Smoke, fumes, ash, dust, nitric oxide and Sulphur dioxide are the main sources of Primary Pollutants.

Primary pollutants can be emitted from many sources including cars, coal-fired power plants, natural gas power plants, biomass burning, natural forest fires, volcanoes, and many more. The effects of primary pollutants are of concern as they can be harmful to humans, animals and plants.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. It was established as Hailey National Park in 1936 and was first renamed Ramganga in the mid-1950s, before the name was changed to Corbett later that decade in memory of Jim Corbett, a well-known British sportsman and writer. The park itself occupies an area of 201 square miles (521 square km).

Hence, the correct option is (A).