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Biomolecules Test - 31

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Biomolecules Test - 31
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Starch is converted into maltose by an enzyme:
    Solution
    Starch is converted into maltose by an enzyme diastase. During this process, in this regime the diastatic enzymes start acting on the starches, breaking them up into sugars (hence the term saccharification). The amylases are enzymes that work by hydrolyzing the straight chain bonds between the individual glucose molecules that make up the starch chain. A single straight chain starch is called an amylose. A branched starch chain (which can be considered as being built from amylose chains) is called an amylopectin. These starches are polar molecules and have different ends.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In nucleic acids , the sequence is
    Solution
    In nucleic acids , the sequence is phosphate-sugar base. Nucleic acids are polymeric macromolecules, or large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In the nucleic acids, the phosphate ions are bonded with sugar at:
    Solution
    In the nucleic acids, the phosphate ions are bonded with sugar at 5, 3 locations. The sugars and phosphates in nucleic acids are connected to each other in an alternating chain (sugar-phosphate backbone) through phosphate diesters linkages. 

    The carbons to which the phosphate groups attach are the 3'-end and the 5'-end carbons of the sugar. This gives nucleic acids directionality, and the ends of nucleic acid molecules are referred to as 5'-end and 3'-end. 

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

    Solution
    Glycogen is a polysaccharide while maltose, raffinose and galactose are oligosaccharides.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Relation between amino acids and proteins is similar to the one present between
    Solution
    Amino acids and proteins are similar to the nucleotides and nucleic acids. Just as proteins are made up of numbers of amino acids, similarly nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Starch is composed of two polysaccharides namely:
    Solution
    Amylose and amylopectin are polysaccharides of starch. Starches are glucose polymers in which glucopyranose units are bonded by $$\alpha$$-linkages. It is made up of a mixture of amylose (15%-20%) and amylopectin (80%-85%). Amylose consists of a linear chain of several hundred glucose molecules and Amylopectin is a branched molecule made of several thousand glucose units. Starches are insoluble in water. They can be digested by hydrolysis, catalyzed by enzymes called amylases, which can break the $$\alpha$$-linkages (glycosidic bonds).
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Purine derivative among the bases is:
    Solution

    Guanine is purine while guanine, cyotosine and uracil are pyrimidine. 

    Purines and Pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases that make up the two different kinds of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA.

    The two-carbon nitrogen ring bases (adenine and guanine) are purines, while the one-carbon nitrogen ring bases (thymine, uracil and cytosine) are pyrimidines.

    Option C is correct.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Nucleic acids are called acids mainly because of the presence of__________
    Solution
    Nucleic acids are called acids mainly because of the presence of $$-OH$$ group of phosphate unit. 

    The nucleic acids are linear unbranched polymer of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides linked in a chain through phosphodiester bonds. 

    Each nucleotide made up of a 5- carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid. 

    The acidic character of the nucleic acids is due to presence of the phosphoric acid.

    Option D is correct.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is pyrimidine base ?

    Solution
    Uracil is pyrimidine base. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Three types of  nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine(C), thymine(T), and uracil(U). Uracil is present in RNA and thymine is present in DNA.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Nucleic acids are constituents of:


    Solution
    Nucleoproteins are any proteins that are structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA. Typical nucleoproteins include ribosomes, nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid proteins.
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