Biomolecules Test

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Biomolecules Test - 79

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which one of the following sets of vitamins is fat soluble?

A
$$C, D, B_{6} , B_{12}$$

B
$$A, D, E, K$$

C
$$A, D, B_{1}, B_{2}$$

D
$$D, B_{1}, B_{2}, E$$

Solution

Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (vitamins $$A, D, E$$ and $$K$$) or water-soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.
The fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules (called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamins $$A$$ and $$E$$, are then stored in body tissues.
Fat-soluble vitamins, once they have been stored in tissues in the body, tend to remain there. This means that if a person takes in too much of a fat-soluble vitamin, over time they can have too much of that vitamin present in their body, a potentially dangerous condition called hypervitaminosis (literally, too much vitamin in the body).
Question 2
1 / -0

Ribose is an example of

A
Ketohexose

B
Aldopentose

C
Disaccharide

D
Aldohexose

Solution

Ribose is an example of aldopentose.
Question 3
1 / -0

Read the given passage.
In bacteria -galactosidase (gal) is an enzyme which is used for lactose metabolism. The human intestinal bacteria of three different groups were cultured in a medium containing glucose. At time 1, the bacteria were transferred to media containing lactose as a nutrient source instead of glucose. At time 2, the bacteria were returned to the medium containing glucose. Samples of bacteria were removed at five-minute intervals and tested for the presence of gal. The results are presented by graph.
The induction of gal production by intestinal bacteria in this way is useful because

A
Humans do not consume foods containing lactose all the time.

B
It prevents toxic buildup of lactic acid.

C
The production of gal is harmful to bacteria.

D
It prevents the bacteria from using glucose as a nutrient source.

E
Lactose is harmful to bacteria.

Solution

Lac-operon is inducible operon and is transcribed only when lactose is available. It makes the system energy effecient by not making the enzymes when they are not needed. Since human do not consume lactose containing food all time, bacteria must have shut down the -gal production.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

The reduction in the enzyme activity takes place by
I. Decreasing pH level
II. Increasing temperature
III. Placing enzyme in a non polar liquid

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I and II

E
I, II, and III

Solution

Enzyme activity is a measure of how many enzymes are present in the reaction. Enzyme activity can be affected by a number of factors which include pH, temperature, concentration of enzyme and substrate etc. Increase in temperature decrease in the level of pH reduces the enzyme activity as above the optimum temperature and below the optimum pH the enzyme structure begins to break down (denature) since at higher temperatures Intra- and intermolecular bonds are broken as the enzyme molecules gain even more kinetic energy.
Also, because proteins function in an aqueous (water) solution and water is polar, a protein will fold with its hydrophilic (water seeking) amino acids closer to the surface and its hydrophobic (water-avoiding) amino acids closer to the center. Moving the enzyme to a nonpolar solution will alter its tertiary structure, as hydrophobic amino acids move to the surface instead.
Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
Question 5
1 / -0

The amino acid containing indole part is :

A
Tryptophan

B
Tyrosine

C
Proline

D
Methionine

Solution

Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W; encoded by the codon UGG) is an $$\alpha$$- an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an $$\alpha$$-amino group (which is in the protonated –$$NH_3^{+}$$ form under biological conditions), an $$\alpha$$-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated $$–COO-$$ form under biological conditions), and a side chain indole, classifying it as a non-polar, aromatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and thus it must be obtained from the diet.

Question 6

1 / -0

Match the following list and choose the correct combination.

List-A	List-B
(A) Oxidoreductases	(i) Linking of two compounds
(B) Isomerase	(ii) Removal of groups from substrates
(C) Ligases	(iii) Inter conversion of isomers
(D) Lyases	(iv) Dehydrogenation
	(v) Hydrolysis

A- (iv), B- (i), C- (iii), D- (ii)

A- (iv), B- (iii), C- (i), D- (ii)

A- (iii), B- (iv), C- (ii), D- (v)

A- (ii), B- (v), C- (iii), D- (i)

Solution

Oxidoreductases catalyse transfer of electrons i.e., hydride ions or H atoms. Hence, these enzymes with add oxygen or remove hydrogen atoms from the substrate.
Isomerases catalyze transfer of groups within molecules to obtain their isomers.
Ligases catalyze synthesis of one compound by two or more substrates via formation of C-C, C-S, C-O, and C-N bonds by. The reaction is condensation reactions and utilizes ATP.
Lyases catalyze addition of groups to double bonds to form single bonds or formation of double bonds by removal of groups.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following is aromatic?

A
Lysine

B
Proline

C
Serine

D
Tyrosine

Solution

Tyrosine is aromatic due to presence of benzene ring.
Hence the correct option is D.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is a chemical messenger that is produced from one part of the body but affects a different body region?

A
Hormones

B
Minerals

C
Endocrines

D
Both A and C

Solution

A hormone is a class of molecules produced by the glands present in multicellular organisms. These hormones are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate the physiology and behavior of that particular organ.
Example: Thyroxine, insulin, etc
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the effects of pH on enzyme catalysed reactions?

A
Direction of the reaction is influenced by $$[H^+]$$.

B
Ionization state of dissociating groups on the enzyme is modified.

C
Ionization state of the substrate is modified.

D
All of the above

Solution

The enzyme catalyst reactions are affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration. There is a gradual increase in enzyme activity as pH increases up to a certain point. After this point, there is the rapid decrease in the rate of reaction. The direction of the enzyme catalyst reaction is influenced by the H$$^+$$ concentration. The change in pH affects the state of ionization of acidic or basic amino acids. The change in pH may result in the modification of the ionization state of the substrate or modification of the dissociating groups on the enzyme. As a result, a substrate either cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

The statement that is not correct is :

A
carbohydrates are optically active

B
lactose has glycosidic linkage between $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ of glucose and $${ C }_{ 1 }$$ of galactose unit

C
aldose or ketose sugars in alkaline medium do not isomerise

D
penta acetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine

Solution

Aldose or ketose sugars are reducing agents which in alkaline medium isomerizes.
Only statement C is incorrect.

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Biomolecules Test - 79

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Biomolecules Test - 79

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Question 1

$$C, D, B_{6} , B_{12}$$

$$A, D, E, K$$

$$A, D, B_{1}, B_{2}$$

$$D, B_{1}, B_{2}, E$$

Solution

Question 2

Ketohexose

Aldopentose

Disaccharide

Aldohexose

Solution

Question 3

Humans do not consume foods containing lactose all the time.

It prevents toxic buildup of lactic acid.

The production of gal is harmful to bacteria.

It prevents the bacteria from using glucose as a nutrient source.

Lactose is harmful to bacteria.

Solution

Question 4

I only

II only

III only

I and II

I, II, and III

Solution

Question 5

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

Proline

Methionine

Solution

Question 6

A- (iv), B- (i), C- (iii), D- (ii)

A- (iv), B- (iii), C- (i), D- (ii)

A- (iii), B- (iv), C- (ii), D- (v)

A- (ii), B- (v), C- (iii), D- (i)

Solution

Question 7

Lysine

Proline

Serine

Tyrosine

Solution

Question 8

Hormones

Minerals

Endocrines

Both A and C

Solution

Question 9

Direction of the reaction is influenced by $$[H^+]$$.

Ionization state of dissociating groups on the enzyme is modified.

Ionization state of the substrate is modified.

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

carbohydrates are optically active

lactose has glycosidic linkage between $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ of glucose and $${ C }_{ 1 }$$ of galactose unit

aldose or ketose sugars in alkaline medium do not isomerise

penta acetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine

Solution

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