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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 28

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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?
    Solution
     The allosteric site is the site, which is not the active site, where some drugs bind to an enzyme. Due to this, the shape of the enzyme changes, it becomes difficult for the substrate to recognize the active site of the enzyme. This represents non-competitive inhibition.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Assertion: There is a scientific explanation for the feeling of depression.

    Reason:  In people who are depressed, the mood-regulating neurotransmitters fail to function normally, so that the signal is either depleted or disrupted before passing to the next nerve cell. In all depressions, it is likely that the transmission of serotonin is reduced or disrupted.

    Choose the correct options.
    Solution
    Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals from one part of the brain to the next. There are many neurotransmitters, serving different purposes, however, three important ones that affect a person's mood are serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. 

    In normal brain function, neurotransmitters jump from one nerve cell to the next, with the signal being as strong in the second and subsequent cells as it was in the first. However, in people who are depressed, the mood-regulating neurotransmitters fail to function normally, so that the signal is either depleted or disrupted before passing to the next nerve cell. 

    In all depressions, it is likely that the transmission of serotonin is reduced or disrupted.

    Hence, option A is correct.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    What is the side product of soap industry?
    Solution
    Soaps are prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats, containing tri-esters called triglycerides.

    These triglycerides can be converted to soap by treating them with a strong base, which accelerates cleavage of the ester bond and releases the fatty acid salt and glycerol. 

    The attached image shows the reaction.

    Option D is correct.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor:
    Solution
    If the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond, it cannot be broken easily. Then the enzyme is blocked permanently and the body degrades the enzyme-inhibitor complex and synthesizes the new enzyme.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The artificial sweetener, which is a derivative of sucrose, is:
    Solution
    Hence,  sucrolose is correct answer.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?
    Solution
    Synthetic detergents used in hair shampoos, usually contain a modified ammonium ion as an active site, which produces a germicidal action. Example: dodecylaminehydrochloride $$(C_{12}H_{28}ClN)$$ and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide $$(CH_3(CH_2)_{15}N(CH_3)_3^+Br^-)$$.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
    Solution
    Detergents having highly branched hydrocarbon chains cause pollution in rivers. The reason being that side chains stop bacteria from attacking and breaking the chains.

    Thus, lesser the branching more is the biodegradability i.e., detergents with long straight hydrocarbon chains are more easily degraded than those having branched hydrocarbon chains.

    Since unbranched (i.e., straight) chains are more prone to attack by bacteria, therefore in most of the detergents used these days, the breaching is kept to be minimum so that the detergents become easily biodegradable.

    Hence, option B is correct.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Antagonistic drug displaces an agonist at that receptor it seemingly deactivates it thereby reversing the effect of the agonist.
    Solution

  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Assertion :
    Chemical messenger gives a message to the cell without entering the cell

    Reason : 
    Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins
    Solution
    Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins and gives the message to the cell without entering the cell. To accommodate the messenger, the shape of receptor changes. In the body,message between two neurons and that between neurons and muscles is communicated through certain chemicals called as chemical messengers.

    Thus, Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

    Hence, the correct option is $$\text{A}$$
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Assertion: Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of an enzyme by binding at the active site.
    Reason: Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can't recognize it.
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