Topics of Law T...

Principle: A gift comprising both existing and future property is void as to the latter.
Facts: 'X' has a house which is owned by him. He contracted to purchase a plot of land adjacent to the said house, but the sale (of the plot of land) in his favour is yet to be completed. He makes a gift of both the properties (house and land) to 'Y'
Under the afore-mentioned circumstances, which of the following derivations is correct?

Principle : Law never enforces an impossible promise.
Facts : 'A' made a promise to 'B' to discover treasure by magic.

Principle : In cases where there is an infringement of legal right even without any actual loss or damage, the person whose right is infringed has a cause of action.
Facts : 'P' was wrongfully prevented by the Returning Officer from exercising his vote in an assembly election. However, the candidate for whom he wanted to caste his vote won the election. Still, he ('P') brought an action claiming damages. Which of the following derivations is correct?

"The people have a right, an inalienable, indisputable, indefeasible, divine right to that most dreaded and envied kind of knowledgeI mean, of the character and conduct of their rulers." Who said this ?

Principles :
- An independent contractor is one who is employed to do some work of his employer. He is engaged under a contract for services. He undertakes to produce a given result, and in the actual execution of the work, he is not under the direct control or following directions of his employer. He may use his own discretion in execution of the work assigned.
- In general, an employer is not liable for the torts (wrongful acts) of his independent contractor. But, the employer may be held liable if he directs him to do come careless acts.
Facts : Ramesh hired a taxi cab to go to Delhi Airport. As he stated late from his home, he kept on urging the taxi-driver to drive at a high speed and driver followed the directions; and ultimately due to high speed an accident took place causing injuries to a person.

LEGAL PRINCIPLES:
$$1.$$ Once a person accepts another's offer, and signifies such acceptance to the former, a contract comes into existence between them.
$$2.$$ Uncertain agreements are void agreements.
$$3.$$ Rejected offers can be accepted only if renewed.
FACTUAL SITUATION: Bakshi wanted to purchase a particular land. He sent a letter to his cousin. Dutt, offering him $$Rs. 4$$ lakhs for it. Dutt replied that he would not sell it below $$5$$ lakhs. Bakshi communicated his willingness to pay this amount. Dutt did not sell the land to Bakshi. Bakshi sued him for breach for contract.
DECISION

Principles :
- A servant is one who is employed to do some work for his employer (master). He is engaged under a contract of service. He works directly under the control and directions of his master.
- In general, the master is vicariously liable for those torts (wrongful acts) of his servant which are done by the servant in the course of his employment.

Facts : 'M' appointed 'D' exclusively for the purpose of driving his tourist vehicle. 'M' also appointed 'C' exclusively for the purpose of performing the work of a conduct for the tourist vehicle. During one trip, at the end of the journey, when 'D' was not on the driver's seat,  'C' had apparently for the purpose of turning the vehicle in the right direction for the next journey, drove it through the street at high speed, and negligently injured 'P'.

Given below are a legal principle and a factual situation. Apply the given legal principle to the factual situation and select the most appropriate answer to the question given below:

X went to Y's house and forget his bag which contained 1 kg sweets. Y's children consumed the sweets. Decide the liability of Y.  

Principle : False imprisonment is a tort (wrong) which means the total restraint of a person's liberty without lawful justification.
Facts : A part of a public road had been closed for spectators of a boat race. 'P' wanted to enter but he was prevented by 'D' and other policemen because he had not paid the admission fee. 'P' was able to enter the enclosure by other means but was unable to go where he wanted to go but allowed him to remain where he was or to go back. 'P' remained within the enclosure and refused to leave. Subsequently, 'P' sued 'D" for false imprisonment.