Nuclei Test

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Nuclei Test - 19

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following term means the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of each individual nucleon ?

A
mass defect

B
nucleon difference

C
nucleon defect

D
mass difference

E
nuclear difference

Solution

Formation of nucleus : $$Zp + (A-Z) n \rightarrow ^A_ZX$$
Mass defect, $$\Delta M = [Zm_p + (A-Z)m_n] - M_{A,Z}$$
Thus mass defect is defined as the difference between the mass of nucleus and the sum of each individual nucleon.
Question 2
1 / -0

For which of the following events will the resulting products have more mass than the mass of the stuff from which the products came?

A
Alpha decay

B
Beta decay

C
An exothermic nuclear reaction

D
An endothermic nuclear reaction

E
Nuclear fission of uranium $$-235$$

Solution

In an endothermic nuclear reaction, heat energy is given to the reaction to proceed and thus according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence law, heat energy given gets converted into additional mass which results in the formation of products with more mass than the reactants.
Question 3
1 / -0

Identify which of the following equations represents alpha decay in a nuclear fission reaction ?

A
$$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }+_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }\rightarrow \quad _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ H }+_{ 1 }^{ 1 }{ H }+$$ energy

B
$$_{ 88 }^{ 226 }{ Ra }\rightarrow \quad _{ 86 }^{ 222 }{ Rn }+_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }$$

C
$$_{ 83 }^{ 209 }{ Bi }\rightarrow \quad _{ 84 }^{ 209 }{ Po }+_{ -1 }^{ 0 }{ e }$$

D
$$_{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ U }+_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }\rightarrow \quad _{ 54 }^{ 140 }{ Xe }+_{ 38 }^{ 94 }{ Sr }+_{ 2 }^{ 1 }{ n }$$

E
$$_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }+_{ 13 }^{ 27 }{ Al }\rightarrow \quad _{ 15 }^{ 30 }{ P }+_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }$$

Solution

In alpha decay reactions, alpha particle $$(^4_2He)$$ is emitted while the atomic number and mass number of parent nucleus decreases by $$2$$ and $$4$$ respectively.
Thus reaction in option B is an alpha decay reaction.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following reaction must be initiated by the neutron?

A
nuclear fission

B
nuclear fusion

C
radioactive carbon dating

D
radioactive tracer

E
radiation therapy

Solution

The process of splitting a nucleus is called nuclear fission. Uranium or plutonium isotopes are normally used as the fuel in nuclear reactors because their atoms have relatively large nuclei that are easy to split, especially when hit by neutrons.

When fission of an element takes place when hit by a neutron, furthermore neutrons are released. The additional neutrons released may also hit other uranium or plutonium nuclei and cause them to split. Even more, neutrons are then released, which in turn can split more nuclei. This is called a chain reaction.
Hence correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

In the nuclear reaction pictured below, what is the missing nuclide?
$$_{1}^{2}H + 7^{14}N \rightarrow _{2}^{3}He +?$$

A
$$_{7}^{13}N$$

B
$$_{6}^{13}C$$

C
$$_{7}^{14}N$$

D
$$_{6}^{11}C$$

E
$$_{6}^{12}C$$

Solution

The given reaction : $$^{2}_{1} H $$ $$+$$ $$^{14}_{7} N $$ $$\rightarrow$$ $$^{3}_{2} He $$ $$+$$ $$^{A}_{Z} X $$

Conservation of mass number : $$2 +14 = 3 + A$$ $$\implies A = 13$$
Conservation of atomic number : $$1+7 = 2 + Z$$ $$\implies Z = 6$$
Hence, the missing nuclide is $$^{13}_{6}C$$.
Question 6
1 / -0

Identify which of the following statement best describe a nuclear reaction.

A
the particles in the nucleus are changed, and one element is transformed into another element when particles in the nucleus are gained or lost.

B
the electrons are exchanged from one or more substances to produce a different substance, and the elements are the same in the products and reactants.

C
two smaller nuclei are combined into a more massive nuclei giving off tremendous amounts of energy in the process.

D
the nucleus of a large atom is split into two or more fragments.

E
radiation is produced.

Solution

A nuclear reaction is a process, such as fission, fusion or radioactive decay, in which the structure of an atomic nucleus is altered through release of energy or mass or by being broken apart. The number of nuclei in the element atom changes resulting in release of energy.
Question 7
1 / -0

The energy needed to break a nucleus into its individual nucleons in a nuclear reaction is called

A
nuclear binding energy

B
ionization energy

C
activation energy

D
free energy

E
fission energy

Solution

The protons and the neutrons exist together inside the nucleus due to attractive nuclear forces, thus some energy is required to break the nuclear forces.
Hence the binding energy is defined as the energy needed to break the nucleus into its individual nucleons in a nuclear reaction.
Question 8
1 / -0

Substances which have identical chemical properties but differ in atomic weight are called.

A
Isothermals

B
Isotopes

C
Isotropics

D
Elementary particles

Solution

B. Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same numbers of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. They have same chemical properties due to the same electronic configuration but different physical properties.
Question 9
1 / -0

A nuclear reaction with positive Q value is:

A
endothermic

B
exothermic

C
either endothermic or exothermic

D
neither endothermic nor exothermic

Solution

An exothermic reaction is that in which heat is released.
An exothermic reaction is that in which heat is absorbed.
In a nuclear reaction, if the mass of the product nucleus and outgoing particle is less than the mass of the target nucleus and bombarding particle, then energy is released (exothermic reaction), and Q-value is +ve.
Question 10
1 / -0

The average binding energy of the nucleon is

A
$$931$$ MeV

B
$$8.5$$ MeV

C
$$1.6$$

D
$$3$$

Solution

8.5MeV
Excluding the lighter nuclei, the average binding energy per nucleon is about -8MeV. The peak binding is approximately 8.8 MeV.

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Nuclei Test - 19

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Nuclei Test - 19

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

mass defect

nucleon difference

nucleon defect

mass difference

nuclear difference

Solution

Question 2

Alpha decay

Beta decay

An exothermic nuclear reaction

An endothermic nuclear reaction

Nuclear fission of uranium $$-235$$

Solution

Question 3

$$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }+_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }\rightarrow \quad _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ H }+_{ 1 }^{ 1 }{ H }+$$ energy

$$_{ 88 }^{ 226 }{ Ra }\rightarrow \quad _{ 86 }^{ 222 }{ Rn }+_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }$$

$$_{ 83 }^{ 209 }{ Bi }\rightarrow \quad _{ 84 }^{ 209 }{ Po }+_{ -1 }^{ 0 }{ e }$$

$$_{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ U }+_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }\rightarrow \quad _{ 54 }^{ 140 }{ Xe }+_{ 38 }^{ 94 }{ Sr }+_{ 2 }^{ 1 }{ n }$$

$$_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }+_{ 13 }^{ 27 }{ Al }\rightarrow \quad _{ 15 }^{ 30 }{ P }+_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }$$

Solution

Question 4

nuclear fission

nuclear fusion

radioactive carbon dating

radioactive tracer

radiation therapy

Solution

Question 5

$$_{7}^{13}N$$

$$_{6}^{13}C$$

$$_{7}^{14}N$$

$$_{6}^{11}C$$

$$_{6}^{12}C$$

Solution

Question 6

the particles in the nucleus are changed, and one element is transformed into another element when particles in the nucleus are gained or lost.

the electrons are exchanged from one or more substances to produce a different substance, and the elements are the same in the products and reactants.

two smaller nuclei are combined into a more massive nuclei giving off tremendous amounts of energy in the process.

the nucleus of a large atom is split into two or more fragments.

radiation is produced.

Solution

Question 7

nuclear binding energy

ionization energy

activation energy

free energy

fission energy

Solution

Question 8

Isothermals

Isotopes

Isotropics

Elementary particles

Solution

Question 9

endothermic

exothermic

either endothermic or exothermic

neither endothermic nor exothermic

Solution

Question 10

$$931$$ MeV

$$8.5$$ MeV

$$1.6$$

$$3$$

Solution

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