Nuclei Test

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Nuclei Test - 35

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

In an $$\alpha $$-decay, the kinetic energy of $$\alpha $$-particle is $$48\ MeV$$ and $$Q$$-value of the reaction is $$50\ MeV$$. The mass number of the mother nucleus is $$X$$. Find the value of $$X/25$$. (Assume that daughter nucleus is in ground state)

A
$$2$$

B
$$4$$

C
$$6$$

D
$$8$$

Solution

The $$\alpha-$$decay nuclear reaction: $$^X_Z B \rightarrow ^{X-4}_{Z-2} C + \alpha + Q$$

where, $$B$$ and $$C$$ are the mother and daughter nuclei respectively.

Given: $$Q = 50 MeV, \ E_{alpha} = 48 MeV$$

Using: $$Q = E_{\alpha} \bigg(\dfrac{M_{\alpha} + M_{C}}{M_C} \bigg)$$

we get, $$Q = E_{\alpha} \bigg(\dfrac{4 + X-4}{X-4} \bigg) = E_{\alpha} \bigg(\dfrac{X}{X-4}\bigg)$$

$$\therefore 50 = 48 \bigg(\dfrac{X}{X-4} \bigg) \implies X = 100$$

Hence, $$\dfrac{X}{25} = \dfrac{100}{25}=4$$
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following change the activity of radioisotope ?

A
Temperature

B
Pressure

C
Chemical environment

D
None of the above

Solution

The activity of radioisotope is not affected by any external condition of temperature, pressure or chemical change.
Question 3
1 / -0

If the total binding energies of $$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H, }\ _{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He, }\ _{ 26 }^{ 56 }{ Fe \ \ \& }\ _{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ U }$$ nuclei are $$2.22, 28.3, 492$$ and $$1786$$ MeV respectively, identify the most stable nucleus of the following.

A
$$_{ 26 }^{ 56 }{ Fe }$$

B
$$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }$$

C
$$_{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ U }$$

D
$$_{ 2 }^{ 4}{ He }$$

Solution

The binding energy is the energy that is required to break the nucleons apart. The curve of Binding energy per nucleon Vs the Mass number shows the highest binding energy is that of Iron no other is tightly bound. Except the light nuclei having $$BE. 56MeV.$$

Hence the most stable nucleon is $$2.22 \ MeV$$
Question 4
1 / -0

Atomic mass of an element is:

A
actual mass of one atom of the element

B
average mass of an atom of different atoms of the element

C
always a whole number

D
None of these

Solution

Atomic mass is an average mass of different atoms of an element, as most elements have different isotopes. Atomic mass is usually not a whole number. It can be a fraction.
Question 5
1 / -0

Modern atomic mass scale is based on the mass of:

A
$$H - 1$$

B
$$C - 12$$

C
$$C - 14$$

D
$$C - 16$$

Solution

Modern atomic weight scale is based on $$C - 12$$.
The standard unit for expressing the mass of atom is amu (atomic mass unit).
It is equal to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 equal to $$1.6605 \times 10^{-19} \: g$$.
amu is also called as avogram.
Avogram is a unit of mass and weight equal to one gram divided by the Avogadro's number.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following isotopes is likely to be most stable ?

A
$$^{71}_{30}Zn$$

B
$$^{66}_{30}Zn$$

C
$$^{40}_{20}Ca$$

D
None of these

Solution

The nucleus of each atom contains protons and neutrons. While the number of proton defines the element and the number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. Radioactive isotopes are unstable and decays into other elements.
Question 7
1 / -0

As compared to $$^{12}C$$ atom, $$^{14}C$$ atom has

A
Two extra protons and two extra electrons.

B
Two extra protons and no extra electron.

C
Two extra neutrons and no extra electron.

D
Two extra neutrons and two extra electrons.

Solution

Carbon$$-14$$ or radiocarbon is a radioactive isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing $$6$$ protons and $$8$$ neutrons while $$C-12$$ contains $$6$$ protons and $$6$$ neutrons.
Question 8
1 / -0

The reaction $$^2_1H\, +\, ^2_1H\, \rightarrow\, ^3_2He\, +\, ^1_0n$$ is called

A
Fusion

B
Fission

C
Endothermic reaction

D
Spontaneous reaction

Solution

Fusion is the process that powers the sun and the stars. It is the reaction in which two atoms of hydrogen combine together or fuse to form an atom of helium. In this process some of the mass of the hydrogen converted into energy.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following is an example of nuclear fusion reaction?

A
$$^{233}_{90}TH\, +\, ^1_0n\, \rightarrow\, ^{234}_{90}TH$$

B
$$^{113}_{48}Cd\, +\, ^1_0n\, \rightarrow\, ^{114}_{48}Cd\, +\, \gamma\, -ray$$

C
$$^3_1H\, +\, ^1_1H\, \rightarrow\, ^4_2He$$

D
$$^{239}_{92}U\, \rightarrow\, ^{239}_{93}Np\, +\, ^0_{-1}e$$

Solution

The isotopes of hydrogen fuse together to form helium nuclei in an exothermic reaction. This fusion reaction is going in sun's center.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following is used in cancer treatment ?

A
$$^{131}_{53}I$$

B
$$^{32}_{15}P$$

C
$$^{60}_{27}Co$$

D
$$^{2}_{1}H$$

Solution

The beta-decay energy is low and easily shielded and are highly penetrating. It is used for medical radiotherapy. It is used to treat cancers as the penetrating rays kill the mutagenic cells.

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Nuclei Test - 35

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Nuclei Test - 35

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$$2$$

$$4$$

$$6$$

$$8$$

Solution

Question 2

Temperature

Pressure

Chemical environment

None of the above

Solution

Question 3

$$_{ 26 }^{ 56 }{ Fe }$$

$$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }$$

$$_{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ U }$$

$$_{ 2 }^{ 4}{ He }$$

Solution

Question 4

actual mass of one atom of the element

average mass of an atom of different atoms of the element

always a whole number

None of these

Solution

Question 5

$$H - 1$$

$$C - 12$$

$$C - 14$$

$$C - 16$$

Solution

Question 6

$$^{71}_{30}Zn$$

$$^{66}_{30}Zn$$

$$^{40}_{20}Ca$$

None of these

Solution

Question 7

Two extra protons and two extra electrons.

Two extra protons and no extra electron.

Two extra neutrons and no extra electron.

Two extra neutrons and two extra electrons.

Solution

Question 8

Fusion

Fission

Endothermic reaction

Spontaneous reaction

Solution

Question 9

$$^{233}_{90}TH\, +\, ^1_0n\, \rightarrow\, ^{234}_{90}TH$$

$$^{113}_{48}Cd\, +\, ^1_0n\, \rightarrow\, ^{114}_{48}Cd\, +\, \gamma\, -ray$$

$$^3_1H\, +\, ^1_1H\, \rightarrow\, ^4_2He$$

$$^{239}_{92}U\, \rightarrow\, ^{239}_{93}Np\, +\, ^0_{-1}e$$

Solution

Question 10

$$^{131}_{53}I$$

$$^{32}_{15}P$$

$$^{60}_{27}Co$$

$$^{2}_{1}H$$

Solution

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