Nuclei Test

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Nuclei Test - 39

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The nuclear fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium takes place

A
at ordinary temperature and pressure

B
at low temperature and low pressure

C
at very high temperature and very high pressure

D
when the temperature is near absolute zero

Solution

Nuclear fusion occurs at very high temperature and very high pressure. It is the primary phenomenon for the generation of heat energy in the sun.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is a fusion reaction?

A
$$_{1}H^{2} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4}$$

B
$$_{1}H^{2} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow 2_{1}He^{2}$$

C
$$_{1}H^{1} + _{1}H^{1} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4}$$

D
$$_{1}H^{1} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4} + n$$

Solution

$$_{ 1 }{ H }^{ 2 }+_{ 1 }{ H }^{ 2 }\rightarrow _{ 2 }{ He }^{ 4 }$$ is a fusion reaction because here two smaller nuclei fuse together to form a single stable nuclei.
Question 3
1 / -0

One atomic mass unit is equal to?

(Given, mass of one carbon-12 atom $$= 1.992 \times 10^{-23}$$)

A
$$1.66\times 10^{-27}g$$

B
$$1.66\times 10^{-24}g$$

C
$$1.66\times 10^{-23}g$$

D
$$1.66\times 10^{-25}g$$

Solution

One atomic mass unit (amu or u) is equal to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Mass of an atom of carbon-12 $$= 1.992 \times 10^{-23}\ g$$

1 amu $$=$$ 1/12 mass of carbon-12 atom $$= \dfrac {1}{12} \times 1.992 \times 10^{-23}$$ $$= 1.66\times 10^{-24}g$$
Question 4
1 / -0

Find out the missing particle for the nuclear reaction as shown below:
$$\displaystyle _{92}^{238}{U} \rightarrow _{90}^{234}{Th} + (?)$$

A
$$\alpha$$

B
$$_{-1}e^0$$

C
neutron

D
photon

E
proton

Solution

The given reaction : $$^{238}_{92} U \rightarrow ^{234}_{90} Th $$ $$+$$ $$^A_ZX$$
In nuclear reactions, the mass number as well as the atomic number is conserved.
$$\therefore$$ $$238 = 234 + A$$ $$\implies A =4$$
Also, $$92= 90+Z$$ $$\implies Z = 2$$
Thus the missing particle is $$^4_2He$$ (alpha particle).
Question 5
1 / -0

Choose the decay that ejects the heaviest particle?

A
$$\alpha$$- decay

B
$${\beta}^{-}$$ decay

C
$${\beta}^{+}$$ decay

D
Electron capture

E
$$\gamma$$- decay

Solution

Among electron, positron, alpha particle and gamma ray, the alpha particle is the heaviest particle having mass $$4$$ times that of proton and is ejected in the Alpha decay reaction.
Alpha decay : $$^A_ZX \rightarrow ^{A-4}_{Z-2}Y + ^4_2He$$ where $$^4_2He$$ is the alpha particle
Question 6
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Isotopes of same element exists in nature.How they differ from each other ?

A
They will have different locations on the periodic table.

B
They will have different numbers of electrons.

C
They will have undergo different chemical reactions.

D
They have different numbers of protons.

E
They have different numbers of neutrons.

Solution

Isotopes of the same element must have same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Also the isotopes of same element are located at same place in the periodic table and undergo same chemical reaction.
Question 7
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$$_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }+_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }\quad \rightarrow \quad _{ 2 }^{ 3 }{ He }+X$$
From the above nuclear fusion reaction, Identify the particle $$X$$.

A
Positron

B
Electron

C
Proton

D
Neutron

E
Alpha particle

Solution

Let $$A$$ be the mass number of X and Z be the atomic number of it.
From mass number conservation, $$2+2=3+A$$ or $$A=1$$
From atomic number conservation, $$1+1=2+Z$$ or $$Z=0$$
$$Z=0$$ means neutral so X will be neutron.
Question 8
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The two alpha particles are released along with energy, when Li-7 is bombarded with a proton. It was found that the mass of the two alpha particles weighs less that the original product in the reaction. Now the mass that was converted to energy is called as :

A
Einstein conversion

B
mass defect

C
theory of relativity

D
natural transmutation

E
chain reaction

Solution

The two alpha particles are released along with energy when Li−7 is bombarded with a proton. It was found that the mass of the two alpha particles weighs less that the original product in the reaction. Now, the mass that was converted to energy is called as Mass defect.
The difference between the expected mass and the actual mass of an isotope is called mass defect.
The expected mass is calculated by adding the masses of protons, neutrons and electrons present.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following radioactive particle are decayed in the reaction $$^{218}_{85}At \rightarrow ^{214}_{83}Bi$$+ $$^A_Z X$$.

A
alpha

B
$$\beta^-$$

C
$$\beta^+$$

D
electron capture

E
gamma

Solution

The given reaction: $$^{218}_{85} At \rightarrow ^{214}_{83} Bi $$ $$+$$ $$^A_Z X$$
In a nuclear reaction, mass number and the atomic number are conserved.
$$\therefore$$ $$218 = 214 + A$$ $$\implies A = 4$$
Also, $$85 = 83+Z$$ $$\implies Z = 2$$
Thus, the decayed particle is $$^4_2 He$$ (alpha particle).
Question 10
1 / -0

$$_1^2{H}+_1^3{H}\rightarrow _0^1{n}+$$ X
The product X in the nuclear reaction represented is.

A
$$_1^1{H}$$

B
$$_2^3{He}$$

C
$$_2^4{He}$$

D
$$_3^4{Li}$$

E
$$_3^5{Li}$$

Solution

$$^{4}_{2}{He}$$
Fusion of deuterium and tritium creating helium - 4, freezing a neutron and releasing 17.59MeV as kinetic energy of products while a corresponding amount of mass disappears, in agreement with kinetic $$E=\Delta mc^{2}$$ where $$\Delta m$$ is the decrease in the total restass of particles.

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Nuclei Test - 39

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Nuclei Test - 39

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Question 1

at ordinary temperature and pressure

at low temperature and low pressure

at very high temperature and very high pressure

when the temperature is near absolute zero

Solution

Question 2

$$_{1}H^{2} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4}$$

$$_{1}H^{2} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow 2_{1}He^{2}$$

$$_{1}H^{1} + _{1}H^{1} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4}$$

$$_{1}H^{1} + _{1}H^{2} \rightarrow _{2}He^{4} + n$$

Solution

Question 3

$$1.66\times 10^{-27}g$$

$$1.66\times 10^{-24}g$$

$$1.66\times 10^{-23}g$$

$$1.66\times 10^{-25}g$$

Solution

Question 4

$$\alpha$$

$$_{-1}e^0$$

neutron

photon

proton

Solution

Question 5

$$\alpha$$- decay

$${\beta}^{-}$$ decay

$${\beta}^{+}$$ decay

Electron capture

$$\gamma$$- decay

Solution

Question 6

They will have different locations on the periodic table.

They will have different numbers of electrons.

They will have undergo different chemical reactions.

They have different numbers of protons.

They have different numbers of neutrons.

Solution

Question 7

Positron

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Alpha particle

Solution

Question 8

Einstein conversion

mass defect

theory of relativity

natural transmutation

chain reaction

Solution

Question 9

alpha

$$\beta^-$$

$$\beta^+$$

electron capture

gamma

Solution

Question 10

$$_1^1{H}$$

$$_2^3{He}$$

$$_2^4{He}$$

$$_3^4{Li}$$

$$_3^5{Li}$$

Solution

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