Rulers and Buildings Test

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Rulers and Buildings Test - 8

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

What was the role of the 'Keystone' in the construction of monuments since the twelfth century?

A
It was included for aesthetic purposes.

B
It supported the ceiling.

C
It transferred the weight of the superstructure to the base of the arch.

D
It carried the seal of the king.

Solution

Monuments provide an insight into the technologies used for construction. A stylistic development in the construction of 12th-century architecture was the use of Arches.
The weight of the superstructure above the doors and windows was carried by arches. The Keystone at the centre of the arch transferred the weight of the superstructure to the base of the arch.
The roof too used this principle and was converted into vaults and domes.
This architectural form is called arcuate.
Question 2
1 / -0

How was the 90 tonne stone transferred to the top of the shikhara of the Rajarajeshvara temple at Thanjavur?

A
Manually lifted.

B
Rolled over an inclined plane.

C
Lifted using a chain & pulley system.

D
Using an unknown ancient technology.

Solution

Monuments provide an insight into the technologies used for construction.
The Rajarajeshvara temple at Thanjavur had the tallest shikhara amongst the temples of its time. Constructing it was not an easy task as there were no cranes and the 90 tonne stone was too heavy for manual lifting.
So architects built an inclined plane to the top of the temple, placed the boulder on rollers and rolled it all the way to the top. The path started more than four kilometres away so that it would not be too steep.
Question 3
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Why did Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni destroy the temple of Somnath?

A
To win credit as a great hero of Islam.

B
To loot the precious idols and immense wealth stored in the temple.

C
To build a mosque in its place

D
Only A and B

Solution

Temples were destroyed by invading rulers as they were a symbol of the power, prestige and wealth of a king. The king was viewed as a representative of God. They were also a large store of treasure and riches. Thus, temples were viewed as targets that were to be attacked in the course of battles.
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a contemporary of Rajendra I. During his campaigns in the subcontinent, he also attacked the temples of defeated kings and looted their wealth and idols. Sultan Mahmud was not a very important ruler at that time. By destroying the Somnath temple he tried to win credit as a great hero of Islam.
Question 4
1 / -0

What is the Qibla?

A
The direction a Muslim should face while praying.

B
The current direction of the sun.

C
The direction of the Kaaba in the city of Mecca.

D
Both A and C

Solution

The Qibla is the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays. It is fixed as the direction of the Kaaba in the Hejazi city of Mecca. Most mosques contain a wall niche that indicates the Qibla.
Question 5
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With respect to Mughal architecture, what does the term 'diwan-i-aam' refer to?

A
Ceremonial halls of private audience.

B
Ceremonial halls of general audience.

C
Ceremonial halls of public audience.

D
Ceremonial halls of divine audience.

Solution

The ceremonial halls of private and public audience were referred to as the diwan-i-khas and the diwan-i-aam respectfully.
The proportions of this hall, of its columns, and of the engraved arches show high aesthetics and fine craftsmanship. With an impressive faade of nine engraved arch openings, the hall was ornamented with gilded and white shell lime chunam plasterwork.
These courts were also described as chihil sutun or forty-pillared halls, placed within a large courtyard.
Question 6
1 / -0

With respect to Mughal architecture, what does the term 'diwan-i-khas' refer to?

A
Ceremonial halls of private audience

B
Ceremonial halls of divine audience

C
Ceremonial halls of public audience

D
Ceremonial halls of public and private audience

Solution

The ceremonial hall private audience was referred to as the diwan-i-khaas. It was the hall in the Red Fort of Delhi where the Mughal emperor received courtiers and state guests. It was also known as the Shah Mahal.

The ceiling was originally inlaid with silver and gold but was stripped bare by successive financial crises of the empire by the Jats or Marathas.

Through the centre of the hall flowed the Stream of Paradise (Nahar-i-Bihish). The building used to have red awnings, or shamianas. Over the corner-arches of the northern and southern walls below the cornice is inscribed the verse of Amir Khusrou: "If there be a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this."
Question 7
1 / -0

Which temple in Kampuchea has scriptures depicting scenes from the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana?

A
Angkor Vat

B
Tanah Lot Temple

C
Paramban Temple

D
Sri Subramaniar Swamy Devasthanam

Solution

The rulers of Champa (Vietnam) and Kamboja (Kampuchea) promoted Hinduism. The Angkor Vat Temple in Kampuchea has scriptures depicting scenes from the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana.
Question 8
1 / -0

With reference to Mughal architecture, what does the term Chahar Bagh mean?

A
Garden layout in the shape of a triangle based on the gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran.

B
Garden layout based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran.

C
Garden layout based on the gardens of Eden mentioned in the Quran.

D
All of the above

Solution

Charbagh or Chahar Bagh is a Persian and Islamic quadrilateral garden layout based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran. The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts. In Persian, "Chahar" means four, which corresponds to "Char", which means four in Urdu, while "bagh" means 'garden' in both Persian and Urdu.
Shah Jahan adapted the river-front garden in the layout of the Taj Mahal, the grandest architectural accomplishment of his reign. Here, the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south.
Question 9
1 / -0

Shah Jahan's audience halls were specially constructed to resemble a _______.

A
Tomb

B
Mosque

C
Throne

D
Pillar

Solution

Shah Jahan's Diwan-I-Khas at Delhi.It was constructed to resemble a mosque. The pedestal on which his throne was placed was frequently described as the qibla .
Question 10
1 / -0

What variation was introduced to the 'Chahar bagh format' during the reign of Shah Jahan?

A
The dwelling was located at the edge of the Chahar Bagh close to the bank of the river.

B
The dwelling was located in the middle of the Chahar Bagh, close to the bank of the river.

C
The dwelling was located in the direction of the Qibla.

D
The dwelling was located in the direction of the sun.

Solution

In the early years of his reign, Shah Jahans capital was at Agra, a city where the nobility had constructed their homes on the banks of the river Yamuna. These were set in the midst of formal gardens constructed in the chahar bagh format. The Chahar Bagh garden also had a variation that historians describe as the river-front garden. In this garden, the dwelling was not located in the middle of the Chahar Bagh but at its edge, close to the bank of the river.

Shah Jahan adapted the river-front garden in the layout of the Taj Mahal, the grandest architectural accomplishment of his reign. Here, the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south.

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Rulers and Buildings Test - 8

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Rulers and Buildings Test - 8

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

It was included for aesthetic purposes.

It supported the ceiling.

It transferred the weight of the superstructure to the base of the arch.

It carried the seal of the king.

Solution

Question 2

Manually lifted.

Rolled over an inclined plane.

Lifted using a chain & pulley system.

Using an unknown ancient technology.

Solution

Question 3

To win credit as a great hero of Islam.

To loot the precious idols and immense wealth stored in the temple.

To build a mosque in its place

Only A and B

Solution

Question 4

The direction a Muslim should face while praying.

The current direction of the sun.

The direction of the Kaaba in the city of Mecca.

Both A and C

Solution

Question 5

Ceremonial halls of private audience.

Ceremonial halls of general audience.

Ceremonial halls of public audience.

Ceremonial halls of divine audience.

Solution

Question 6

Ceremonial halls of private audience

Ceremonial halls of divine audience

Ceremonial halls of public audience

Ceremonial halls of public and private audience

Solution

Question 7

Angkor Vat

Tanah Lot Temple

Paramban Temple

Sri Subramaniar Swamy Devasthanam

Solution

Question 8

Garden layout in the shape of a triangle based on the gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran.

Garden layout based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran.

Garden layout based on the gardens of Eden mentioned in the Quran.

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

Tomb

Mosque

Throne

Pillar

Solution

Question 10

The dwelling was located at the edge of the Chahar Bagh close to the bank of the river.

The dwelling was located in the middle of the Chahar Bagh, close to the bank of the river.

The dwelling was located in the direction of the Qibla.

The dwelling was located in the direction of the sun.

Solution

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