Self Studies
Self Studies
Self Studies
Self Studies
Selfstudy
Selfstudy

Reading Comprehension Test 21

Result Self Studies

Reading Comprehension Test 21
  • Score

    -

    out of -
  • Rank

    -

    out of -
TIME Taken - -
Self Studies

SHARING IS CARING

If our Website helped you a little, then kindly spread our voice using Social Networks. Spread our word to your readers, friends, teachers, students & all those close ones who deserve to know what you know now.

Self Studies Self Studies
Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless. Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1) the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands- i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land use laws- and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstances reveal that the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation.
    Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States' acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when the United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although, they at that time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute, or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public lands as American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred application of the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is a question of practice, not of legal definition, and the pueblos have always been treated as reservations by the United States. This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona vs. California (1963), wherein the Supreme Court indicated that the manner in which any type of federal reservation is created does not affect the application to it of the Winters     doctrine. Therefore, the reserved water rights of Pueblo Indians have priority over other citizens' water rights as of 1848, the year in which pueblos must be considered to have become reservations.

    ...view full instructions

    According to the passage, which of the following was true of the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation? 
    Solution
    "In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled..." - in the given sentences extracted from the passage, the words 'treaty establishing the reservation' refers to the treaty establishing the Fort Belknap reservation and the very next sentence explicitly states that water rights were not mentioned in the treaty. Thus, the above extract supports option D as the answer.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]
    It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century 80576English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars. Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenth-century political theorist Robert Filmer-a patriarchalism that equates family and kingdom and asserts the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women's rational and moral equality with men. Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differences between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women's political rights, but in that case, one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.

    Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self. She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626-1673), duchess of Newcastle. Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the "immaterial world" that any person can create within her own mind and, as a writer, on paper. In proclaiming what she called her "singularity," Cavendish insisted that she was a self-sufficient being within her mental empire, the center of her own subjective universe rather than 10523a satellite orbiting a dominant male planet. In justifying this absolute singularity, Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that became a metaphor for the self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual person. Cavendish's successors among early feminists retained her notion of woman's sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed.

    ...view full instructions

    The passage suggests which of the following about the seventeenth-century English women mentioned in line 80576? 
    Solution
    Option E)Historians would be less puzzled if more of them were identified with the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars is correct as Historians perceived women of the seventeenth century in favor of the Royalists. Though they favored equality, they were thought of as supporters of the Royalists by the Historians because of the puzzling and prejudiced state of mind of the Historians and their action of naming the modern feminism forerunners as Royalists. Therefore, it would have been easier for Historians to take in the views of the seventeenth-century women by calling their selves in favor of the Parliamentarian side. The other options are wrong as the passage doesn't talk about women' status, a challenge, Cavendish was not the one who criticized women's subordination in marriage, and seventeenth-century women opposing the Parliamentarian side. The correct answer is E)Historians would be less puzzled if more of them were identified with the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:
    [/passage-header]It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.
    Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood. We found that immediately after the rats began to eat, parallel elevations occurred in blood tryptophan, brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels. These findings suggested that the production and release of serotonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with blood-tryptophan     increases. In later studies, we found that injecting insulin into a rat's bloodstream also caused parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels and in serotonin levels. We then decided to see whether the secretion of the animal's own insulin similarly affected serotonin production.
    We gave the rats a carbohydrate-containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secretion. As we had hypothesized, the blood tryptophan level and the concentrations of tryptophan and of serotonin in the brain increased after the meal.
    Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell. Since protein contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? The answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells. This same mechanism also provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in protein, such as tyrosine and leucine. The consumption of protein increases the blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan.
    The more protein is in a meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of competing for amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain. Thus the more protein in a meal, the less serotonin subsequently produced and released.

    ...view full instructions

    Which of the following titles best summarizes the contents of the passage? 
    Solution
    Option E)The Effects of Food Intake on the Production and Release of Serotonin: Some Recent Findings is correct as the passage talks about the connection between the food intake and its effect on release and production of Serotonin. The other options are wrong as the passage doesn't talk about neurotransmitters in general, diet, blood supply or amino acids. The correct answer is E)The Effects of Food Intake on the Production and Release of Serotonin: Some Recent Findings.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs- and therefore compliance- fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger non-compliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs. Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.

    ...view full instructions

    It can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is __________
    Solution
    The correct option for that question is option E. We know from the text that larger plants generate more waste and have to spend more to regulate the output. Options A,B,C and D are not coherent with the question since they do not require the monetary output asked for in the question.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.[/passage-header]Two works published in 1984 demonstrate contrasting approaches to writing the history of United States women. Buel and Buel's biography of Mary Fish (1736-1818) makes little effort to place her story in the context of recent historiography on women. Lebsock, meanwhile, attempts not only to write the history of women in one southern community, but also to redirect two decades of historiographical debate as to whether women gained or lost status in the nineteenth century as compared with the eighteenth century. Although both books offer the reader the opportunity to assess this controversy regarding women's status, only Lebsock's deals with it directly. She examines several different aspects of women's status, helping to refine and resolve the issues. She concludes that while women gained autonomy in some areas, especially in the private sphere, they lost it in many aspects of the economic sphere. More importantly, she shows that the debate itself depends on frame of reference: in many respects, women lost power in relation to men, for example, as certain jobs (delivering babies, supervising schools) were taken over by men. Yet women also gained power in comparison with their previous status, owning a higher proportion of real estate for example. In contrast, Buel and Buel's biography provides ample raw material for questioning the myth, fostered by some historians, of a colonial golden age in the eighteenth century but does not give the reader much guidance in analyzing the controversy over women's status.

    ...view full instructions

    The passage suggests that Lebsock believes that compared to nineteenth-century American women, eighteenth-century American women were _____________. 
    Solution
    The given passage talks about the history of United States women and compares their position in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The entire passage shows that the economic position and women's status is stronger in the nineteenth century. Thus, option C is the correct answer. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]Acting on the recommendation of a British government committee investigating the high incidence in white lead factories of illness among employees, most of whom were women, the Home Secretary proposed in 1895 that Parliament enact legislation that would prohibit women from holding most jobs in white lead factories. Although the Women's Industrial Defence Committee (WIDC), formed in 1892 in response to earlier legislative attempts to restrict women's labor, did not discount the white lead trade's potential health dangers, it opposed the proposal, viewing it as yet another instance of limiting women's work opportunities.
    Also opposing the proposal was the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW), which attempted to challenge it by investigating the causes of illness in white lead factories. SPEW contended, and WIDC concurred, that controllable conditions in such factories were responsible for the development of lead poisoning. 21744SPEW provided convincing evidence that lead poisoning could be avoided if workers were careful and clean and if already extant workplace safety regulations were stringently enforced27564. However, the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), which had ceased in the late 1880s to oppose restrictions on women's labor, supported the eventually enacted proposal, in part because safety regulations were generally not being enforced in white lead factories, where there were no unions (and little prospect of any) to pressure employers to comply with safety regulations.

    ...view full instructions

    The passage is primarily concerned with?
    Solution
    Option B is the correct answer as the passage highlights the difference of opinions of various groups regarding the prohibition of women working in white lead factories.
    Thus options A,C,D,E are incorrect.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials - substantially more than hospitals collect -thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
    Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, 45635thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied65629. A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of trial participants, 99220Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups54827. For example, the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a patient's stage of disease. Patients' ages may also affect a treatment's efficacy.

    ...view full instructions

    Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a study of the category of patients referred to in lines  45635-65629?
  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculated that the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and "close" the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe-luminous matter in the form of galaxies-comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.

    Our contribution to the search for this "missing matter" has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their center of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy luminosity falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus, the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with distance from the center, in conformity with Kepler's law. Instead, we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the fall off in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.

    Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wavelength with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass, of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined whether this mass is sufficient to close the universe, some physicists consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value.

    ...view full instructions

    Complete the sentence with a suitable option:
    The passage is primarily concerned with ______________. 
    Solution
    The given C is a correct option as it is mentioned in the 2nd paragraph that study of galaxies from the center of rotation. The research is shown that outside the spiral galaxy falls off rapidly with distance from the center. So all in this passage only research findings are elaborated like tests have been done according to Kepler's Law and confirmation is also made according to that law only. Findings suggest that 90 percent of the mass is not radiating at any wavelength to be detected on the Earth. So all this passage is about research and findings of the Kepler's Lawn and galaxies' wavelength from the center.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]Jacob Burckhardt's view that Renaissance European women "stood on a footing of perfect European women equality" with Renaissance men has been repeatedly cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women's inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, "Did Women Have a Renaissance?", argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently, however, a significant trend among feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly's dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt's rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women-especially in terms of social status and religion work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.

    The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle-and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of "female experience" in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate "women" and "women writers," assuming that women's gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously optimistic assessment of Renaissance women's achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their "oppositional voices." Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.

    ...view full instructions

    According to the passage, Krontiris's work differs from that of the scholars mentioned in line 12 in which of the following ways?
    Solution
    The third sentence of the second para talks about Tina Krontiris's study that focuses on six Renaissance women writers. Burckhardt's and Kelly's works were focused on upper-class Italian women. This is the difference in their works. Hence, E is correct.
    Krontiris's work was not at odds with other writers' works. It included both negatives and positives in terms of women's achievements.
    We can discard the other choices.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    While the most abundant and dominant species within a particular ecosystem is often crucial in perpetuating the ecosystem, a "keystone" species, here defined as one whose effects are much larger than would be predicted from its abundance, can also play a vital role. But because complex species interactions may be involved, identifying a keystone species by removing the species and observing changes in the ecosystem is problematic. It might seem that certain traits would clearly define a species as a keystone species; for example, Pisaster ochraceus is often a keystone predator because it consumes and suppresses mussel populations, which in the absence of this starfish can be a dominant species. But such predation on a dominant or potentially dominant species occurs in systems that do as well as in systems that do not have species that play keystone roles. Moreover, whereas P. ochraceous occupies an unambiguous keystone role on wave-exposed rocky headlands, in more wave-sheltered habitats the impact of P. ochraceus predation is weak or non-existent, and at certain sites, sand burial is responsible for eliminating mussels. 99342Keystone status appears to depend on context, whether of particular geography or of such factors as community diversity (for example, a reduction in species diversity may thrust more of the remaining species into keystone roles) and length of species interaction (since newly arrived species, in particular, may dramatically affect ecosystems)42146.

    ...view full instructions

    The passage suggests which of the following about the identification of a species as a keystone species?
    Solution
    As the given answer is correct, the keystone is identified due to various factors in the ecosystem. In the given passage, it clearly mentioned that certain characters define a species as a keystone species. As for instance, P .ochraceous is keystone predator species because it plays a dominant role but this dominance is changed where ecosystem traits are different. For eg., it is weak or nonexistent at certain sites where more wave sheltered areas, so keystone identification depends on various factors in the ecosystem.
Self Studies
User
Question Analysis

  • Correct -

  • Wrong -

  • Skipped -

My Perfomance
  • Score

    -

    out of -
  • Rank

    -

    out of -
Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition
Self Studies Get latest Exam Updates
& Study Material Alerts!
No, Thanks
Self Studies
Click on Allow to receive notifications
Allow Notification
Self Studies
Self Studies Self Studies
To enable notifications follow this 2 steps:
  • First Click on Secure Icon Self Studies
  • Second click on the toggle icon
Allow Notification
Get latest Exam Updates & FREE Study Material Alerts!
Self Studies ×
Open Now