Reading Comprehension Test 62

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
Etiquette is the unwritten code that governs social behaviour. Etiquette reflects formulas of conduct in which society or tradition have invested. Western etiquette tells people to greet friends and acquaintances with warmth and respect, refrain from insults and curiosity, offer hospitality equally to guests, wear clothing suited to the occasion, talk properly, eat neatly and quietly, avoid disturbing others, follow the rules of an organization, arrive promptly when expected, comfort the bereaved, and respond to invitations promptly.
Violations of etiquette can cause public disgrace, and in private hurt individual feelings, create misunderstandings or real grief and pain.
Some people feel etiquette to be an unnecessary restriction of freedom of personal expression. However, wearing pyjamas to a wedding in a cathedral may be an expression of the guest's freedom, but may also cause the bride and groom to suspect that the guest is expressing amusement or disparagement towards them and their wedding.
Etiquette is dependent on culture; what is excellent etiquette in one society may shock in another. Etiquette can vary widely between different cultures and nations. In China, a person who takes the last item of food from a common plate without offering it to others at the table is seen as a glutton whilst in most European cultures he is expected to eat all the food given to them, as a compliment to the cooking. In some societies, it is considered disgusting to eat with the left hand, and left-handed individuals are sometimes forced to use their right hand. Recently, the internet has created Netiquette, which governs the drafting of e-mail, rules for participating in online forums, and so on.  
[passage-footer]- Bhuvan's Journal March 31, 2007[/passage-footer]

Read the following passage and answer the following question. Choice can be of more than one option, however choose the accurate option(s) that answers the question.  

[passage-header]Read the given passage carefully and attempt the question that follows:[/passage-header]MY LOVE FOR NATURE, goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparents' firm in Suffolk. My father was in the armed forces, so we were always moving and didn't have a home base for any length of time, but I loved going there. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at University.

[passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question following it:[/passage-header]Artists should treat their art as art and take the process of making it as seriously as anyone takes their chosen profession.  Great skill and insight are required in order to create truly original art. Transforming an idea or concept into a technically thought-provoking or emotion-arousing work of art in any medium is a  talent that few people possess. And there you have the "purist's vision".
Now if an artist wants to create art and never sell it, then he or she never has to worry about how to price it. That artist can afford to be a "purist". as you put it, produce art free of any encumbrances or concerns about what the art world or anyone else might think, and avoid "prostituting" or "debasing" that art by placing dollar values on it." But if you're an artist who wants to sell your art or who has to sell it in order to survive as an artist, you must use whatever tools are available to figure out how much it's worth and how best to sell it.
Let's say you're just starting out as an artist, you have little or no experience showing or selling your work, and in a period of two minutes, you produce a pencil drawing on a piece of paper. You view this drawing as highly significant in your evolution as an artist and rank its creation as the single most important creative moment of your life.
Consequently, you put a price of $20,000 on it because only for that amount of money will you agree to part with such an important work of art. This is a "purist's vision" approach to pricing as opposed to a "realities of the marketplace" approach.
From a business standpoint, you'll have an extremely difficult time selling you drawing, as you won't be able to justify the  $20,000 price to real art buyers in the real art world. You have no track record of selling art in that price range, and you have few or no shows, critical reviews, or supporting data from outside sources indicating that your art has that kind of value or collectibility in the marketplace. The overwhelming majority of art buyers who have $20,000 to spend look for works of art by established artists with documented track records of showing and selling art in that price range.
Your drawing is still highly significant to you, but what someone is willing to pay for it on the open market is a matter for ary buyers to decide. You can price it however you wish, but you can never force anyone to buy it. That's the way the art business works. So if you want to sell it, you have to figure out what dollar amount someone is likely to pay for it on the open market and then price it at that amount. But the tale of your drawing does not end here.
The art world may, one agree with you that the product of you two-minute moment precipitates a major transformational turning point in your career, and is well worth a $20,000 asking price, but you're going to have to prove first. Aspects of that drawing will have to be reflected in your art from the moment you created it onwards, the art world will have to recognize your art both critically and from the marketing standpoints, and you will have to successfully produce, show, and sell for many years. Then one day, when you first retrospective exhibition opens at the Four-Star Museum of Art, that drawing will hand framed and captioned as the first inspiration for all subsequent work. The art world will then understand and respect its significance, and a  serious collector may well be willing to pay an extraordinary price to own this historically important document of your career.
Returning for a moment to the concept of a purist artist who creates art and never sells it, sooner or later (hopefully later), that purist will pass on and leave behind a body of work. Unless that artist leaves specific instructions in his or her will for that body of work to be destroyed, it will become subject to those market forces that the artist strived for a lifetime to avoid. At the very least. it'll have to be appraised for tax, donation, or inheritance purposes. In most cases, it eventually comes onto the market either through a probable sale, an auction, or as represented by a dealer, gallery, or family member. The moral of the story is that one way or another,  someone somewhere at some point in time will use tried and true methods to realistically price and either sell, donate, trade or otherwise transact any work of art that comes onto the market in any way, shape, or form. I hope that the person will be you, the artist and that you'll price your art according to what the market will bear, sell plenty of it, and have a long and rewarding career. Answer the following questions indicating your option for each question:

[passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question following it:[/passage-header]Artists should treat their art as art and take the process of making it as seriously as anyone takes their chosen profession.  Great skill and insight are required in order to create truly original art. Transforming an idea or concept into a technically thought-provoking or emotion-arousing work of art in any medium is a  talent that few people possess. And there you have the "purist's vision".
Now if an artist wants to create art and never sell it, then he or she never has to worry about how to price it. That artist can afford to be a "purist". as you put it, produce art free of any encumbrances or concerns about what the art world or anyone else might think, and avoid "prostituting" or "debasing" that art by placing dollar values on it." But if you're an artist who wants to sell your art or who has to sell it in order to survive as an artist, you must use whatever tools are available to figure out how much it's worth and how best to sell it.
Let's say you're just starting out as an artist, you have little or no experience showing or selling your work, and in a period of two minutes, you produce a pencil drawing on a piece of paper. You view this drawing as highly significant in your evolution as an artist and rank its creation as the single most important creative moment of your life.
Consequently, you put a price of $20,000 on it because only for that amount of money will you agree to part with such an important work of art. This is a "purist's vision" approach to pricing as opposed to a "realities of the marketplace" approach.
From a business standpoint, you'll have an extremely difficult time selling you drawing, as you won't be able to justify the  $20,000 price to real art buyers in the real art world. You have no track record of selling art in that price range, and you have few or no shows, critical reviews, or supporting data from outside sources indicating that your art has that kind of value or collectibility in the marketplace. The overwhelming majority of art buyers who have $20,000 to spend look for works of art by established artists with documented track records of showing and selling art in that price range.
Your drawing is still highly significant to you, but what someone is willing to pay for it on the open market is a matter for ary buyers to decide. You can price it however you wish, but you can never force anyone to buy it. That's the way the art business works. So if you want to sell it, you have to figure out what dollar amount someone is likely to pay for it on the open market and then price it at that amount. But the tale of your drawing does not end here.
The art world may, one agree with you that the product of you two-minute moment precipitates a major transformational turning point in your career, and is well worth a $20,000 asking price, but you're going to have to prove first. Aspects of that drawing will have to be reflected in your art from the moment you created it onwards, the art world will have to recognize your art both critically and from the marketing standpoints, and you will have to successfully produce, show, and sell for many years. Then one day, when you first retrospective exhibition opens at the Four-Star Museum of Art, that drawing will hand framed and captioned as the first inspiration for all subsequent work. The art world will then understand and respect its significance, and a  serious collector may well be willing to pay an extraordinary price to own this historically important document of your career.
Returning for a moment to the concept of a purist artist who creates art and never sells it, sooner or later (hopefully later), that purist will pass on and leave behind a body of work. Unless that artist leaves specific instructions in his or her will for that body of work to be destroyed, it will become subject to those market forces that the artist strived for a lifetime to avoid. At the very least. it'll have to be appraised for tax, donation, or inheritance purposes. In most cases, it eventually comes onto the market either through a probable sale, an auction, or as represented by a dealer, gallery, or family member. The moral of the story is that one way or another,  someone somewhere at some point in time will use tried and true methods to realistically price and either sell, donate, trade or otherwise transact any work of art that comes onto the market in any way, shape, or form. I hope that the person will be you, the artist and that you'll price your art according to what the market will bear, sell plenty of it, and have a long and rewarding career. Answer the following questions indicating your option for each question:

[passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question following it:[/passage-header]Artists should treat their art as art and take the process of making it as seriously as anyone takes their chosen profession.  Great skill and insight are required in order to create truly original art. Transforming an idea or concept into a technically thought-provoking or emotion-arousing work of art in any medium is a  talent that few people possess. And there you have the "purist's vision".
Now if an artist wants to create art and never sell it, then he or she never has to worry about how to price it. That artist can afford to be a "purist". as you put it, produce art free of any encumbrances or concerns about what the art world or anyone else might think, and avoid "prostituting" or "debasing" that art by placing dollar values on it." But if you're an artist who wants to sell your art or who has to sell it in order to survive as an artist, you must use whatever tools are available to figure out how much it's worth and how best to sell it.
Let's say you're just starting out as an artist, you have little or no experience showing or selling your work, and in a period of two minutes, you produce a pencil drawing on a piece of paper. You view this drawing as highly significant in your evolution as an artist and rank its creation as the single most important creative moment of your life.
Consequently, you put a price of $20,000 on it because only for that amount of money will you agree to part with such an important work of art. This is a "purist's vision" approach to pricing as opposed to a "realities of the marketplace" approach.
From a business standpoint, you'll have an extremely difficult time selling you drawing, as you won't be able to justify the  $20,000 price to real art buyers in the real art world. You have no track record of selling art in that price range, and you have few or no shows, critical reviews, or supporting data from outside sources indicating that your art has that kind of value or collectibility in the marketplace. The overwhelming majority of art buyers who have $20,000 to spend look for works of art by established artists with documented track records of showing and selling art in that price range.
Your drawing is still highly significant to you, but what someone is willing to pay for it on the open market is a matter for ary buyers to decide. You can price it however you wish, but you can never force anyone to buy it. That's the way the art business works. So if you want to sell it, you have to figure out what dollar amount someone is likely to pay for it on the open market and then price it at that amount. But the tale of your drawing does not end here.
The art world may, one agree with you that the product of you two-minute moment precipitates a major transformational turning point in your career, and is well worth a $20,000 asking price, but you're going to have to prove first. Aspects of that drawing will have to be reflected in your art from the moment you created it onwards, the art world will have to recognize your art both critically and from the marketing standpoints, and you will have to successfully produce, show, and sell for many years. Then one day, when you first retrospective exhibition opens at the Four-Star Museum of Art, that drawing will hand framed and captioned as the first inspiration for all subsequent work. The art world will then understand and respect its significance, and a  serious collector may well be willing to pay an extraordinary price to own this historically important document of your career.
Returning for a moment to the concept of a purist artist who creates art and never sells it, sooner or later (hopefully later), that purist will pass on and leave behind a body of work. Unless that artist leaves specific instructions in his or her will for that body of work to be destroyed, it will become subject to those market forces that the artist strived for a lifetime to avoid. At the very least. it'll have to be appraised for tax, donation, or inheritance purposes. In most cases, it eventually comes onto the market either through a probable sale, an auction, or as represented by a dealer, gallery, or family member. The moral of the story is that one way or another,  someone somewhere at some point in time will use tried and true methods to realistically price and either sell, donate, trade or otherwise transact any work of art that comes onto the market in any way, shape, or form. I hope that the person will be you, the artist and that you'll price your art according to what the market will bear, sell plenty of it, and have a long and rewarding career. Answer the following questions indicating your option for each question:

[passage-header]Read the given passage carefully and attempt the question that follows:[/passage-header]MY LOVE FOR NATURE, goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparents' firm in Suffolk. My father was in the armed forces, so we were always moving and didn't have a home base for any length of time, but I loved going there. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at University.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Read the following passage and answer the following question. Choice can be of more than one option, however choose the accurate option(s) that answers the question.  

Read the following passage and answer the following question. Choice can be of more than one option, however choose the accurate option(s) that answers the question.