Why Do We Fall ill Test - 6

Folic acid (folate) is a type of vitamin B that's the key for cell growth, metabolism, and for pregnant women. Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin. Pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient. Animals require pantothenic acid to synthesize coenzyme-A (CoA), as well as to synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The anion is called pantothenate. Thus, folic acid and pantothenic acid belongs to vitamin B complex group of vitamins.

Teeth’s mottling (also termed Dental fluorosis or mottled enamel) refers to a condition where the teeth get spotted as a result of taking water that has too much fluorine. Presence of fluorine in drinking water due to contamination causes mottling of teeth. It is an extremely common disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of the tooth enamel. Fluorine contamination is most common in hilly areas.

Lipids are an important component of living cells. Together with carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are the main constituents of plant and animal cells. Lipids in the diet enable the absorption of some vitamins from the diet. They also provide energy in the absence of carbohydrates and proteins.

(a), (c) and (d) are correct. Living in a large and well-furnished house is not important for individual health.

Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. It depends on the surroundings or the environment. Living in a clean space under good economic conditions, and social equality and harmony are important for individual health. Good economic conditions are also needed so that an individual can work and earn, and arrange a balanced diet for nutrition. Mental and social well-being are difficult to measure.

(a), (b), and (d) are correct. Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. Mental well-being and social well-being are difficult to measure.

Hepatitis targets the liver. Japanese encephalitis targets the brain. Dengue leads to a drop in platelets. Fungal diseases affect the skin.

Haemophilia is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots. Clotting is a process needed to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. Goitre (swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland) is a deficiency disease. It is caused by the deficiency of iodine. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. AIDS is an infectious disease caused by a virus.

Matched responses are as follows:

Malaria is caused by a protozoan microbe (plasmodium). A female Anopheles mosquito can be a carrier of such microbes. Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection caused by a bacteria which affects the lungs and sometimes other parts of the body such as the bones, the joints, and the kidneys. Elephantiasis is a chronic disease caused by a species of worms. Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Matched responses are as follows:

Pneumonia is an air-borne disease; it spreads through the air and targets the lungs. Cholera is a water-borne disease. Rabies spreads through animal bite. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection; it spreads through sexual contact.

Matched responses area as follows:

Diseases are classified as acute of chronic, depending on their duration. Acute diseases such as common cold last only for a short duration. Chronic diseases last for a long time. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe. Antibiotics block the biochemical pathways that are used by microbes for the synthesis of substances/respiration, without affecting the biochemical pathways of human beings.