Improvement in Food Resources Test - 18

Manure is a natural material, obtained by decaying plant and animal waste, that can be applied to the soil to enhance its fertility. Manure usually consist of faeces and urine of domestic livestock, with or without accompanying litter such as straw, hay, or bedding. The most common sources of manure are cows, horses, sheep.

Fertilizers are synthesized by the inorganic compounds. These are made to be rich in specific nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, urea etc. The manures are produced by the natural process of decomposition of domestic waste and animal excreta, so they are rich in organic compounds. Manures have a mixture of nutrients and depending on the material used for decomposition, their nutrient quality may vary. This is the reason that fertilizers act quickly in providing nutrients to the plants as they are nutrient specific.

• The image given is of a gundhi bug that is a pest to the crops of paddy.
• The gundhi bug sucks the sap from individual grains which leads to brownish discoloured patches on the husk.

Hence, refer image is: Gundhi Bug - Insect pest of paddy.

Fertilizers are inorganic salts, rich in particular nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes. Fertilizers are produced in factories, whereas manures are prepared in fields.

• Poultry farming is the process of raising birds such as chickens, quails, ducks, and turkey.
• Poultry farming, raising of birds domestically or commercially, primarily for meat and eggs but also for feathers.
  
• In India, poultry farming is done as a side business along with agriculture or as a main profession. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

In India monsoon usually lasts from July to September. It is very irregular and unpredictable. India usually have no rains when needed and hence India requires highly sophisticated irrigation facilities and construction of reservoirs by which rain water can be stored and used all along the year. This is the major problem with Indian water potential though it has abundant rainfall. 

Option A is correct.

• Milk production in cattle depends on the lactation period which means till the period/duration the female produces milk, food type it affects as what type of food she is eating and is nutritious milking time is in a day and also breed to which breed does it belongs, like a Jersey which is high milk yielding milk.

• Irrigation is the method by which water is collected, stored and supplied controllably when required by artificial means.
  
• All the given options like increase in salinization, groundwater depletion, etc., are not the outcome of irrigation projects. But sometimes reservoirs may result in floods due to loss of capacity in the reservoirs caused by sedimentation.