Is Matter Around Us Pure Test - 61

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, separating chemical compounds by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate.

Option $$A$$ is correct.

The boiling point of a substance determines what component will separate out during the process of fractional distillation. It is used to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25 K.

A chemical compound is an entity consisting of atoms of different elements bonded by a chemical bond. Hence option B is correct.

As benzene and chloroform have different boiling points therefore they can be separated by distillation method.

Fractional distillation is the separation method that is based on the different boiling points of the different components. Crude oil is a mixture of various components such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, paraffin wax, lubricating oil. 

The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. This is done by the fractional distillation method.

The column which has a different temperature at the different region is known as fractionating column. So, diagram $$B$$ shows fractionating column.

Soluble substances are those that easily dissolve in a solvent, such as water, and include sugar, salt, alcohol, and some dish-washing detergents. In chemistry, the solubility of a substance is a quantitative term that refers to the amount of substance that can dissolve in a given volume of a solvent.

        Distillation is a process of separating the component or substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation.

       Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture.

Hence, option $$A$$ is correct.

We can separate salt from water by the method of evaporation. On heating the mixture, water evaporates and salt will be left behind.

Only distilled water is used in the chemical reaction as it is pure water free from any kind of impurities like added salts or minerals so that the reaction should not contain any unwanted compound as impurity.