Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 12

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Question 1

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Use the following information to answer the next question.

In Rutherford's experiment, atoms in a gold foil were bombarded with α-rays. Rutherford observed that most of the rays passed through the foil and a few were diverted or completely bounced back.

Which of the following statements is not in accordance to Rutherford’s experiment?

There is a lot of empty space inside an atom.

An atom contains a positive core called the nucleus.

Electrons are spread out in the empty space in an atom.

Protons present within the nucleus of an atom are loosely held.

Solution

Protons present in the nucleus of an atom are densely packed. Therefore, whenever α-rays strike the nucleus of an atom, they get reflected back completely. Hence, the statement contained in alternative D is not in accordance to Rutherford’s experiment.

The correct answer is D.

Why alternative A is wrong:

The nucleus of an atom is confined to a very small space. Also, the size of an electron is very small. Hence, most of the space in an atom is empty.

Why alternative B is wrong:

All the protons and neutrons of an atom are present inside its nucleus. As neutrons are electrically neutral and protons are positively charged, the nucleus is also positively charged.

Why alternative C is wrong:

Electrons are very small in size, and they keep revolving around the nucleus in circular orbits. Most of the α-rays pass through an atom without any change. This shows that electrons are widely spread in an atom.

Question 2
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The atomic mass and atomic number of chromium are 52 and 24 respectively. The number of neutrons in an atom of chromium will be

A
26

B
28

C
52

D
56

Solution

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons present in the nucleus). The atomic mass of chromium is 52, i.e., the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of chromium are 52. The atomic number of chromium is 24, i.e., the number of protons present in an atom of chromium is 24.

The difference in the atomic mass and the atomic number will give the number of neutrons in an atom of chromium.

Number of neutrons = 52 − 24 = 28

The correct answer is B.
Question 3
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The constituent fundamental particles of an atom are

A
electrons and protons only

B
proton and neutrons only

C
protons, electrons, and neutrons

D
electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons

Solution

An atom is composed of electrons, neutrons and protons.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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Isobars can be defined as

A
forms of chemical compounds having the same number and type of each atom but different arrangements

B
elements having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their respective nuclei

C
nuclides having the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers

D
species having the same number of neutrons

Solution

Isobars are nuclides having same atomic mass but different atomic numbers.

The correct answer is C.

Why alternative A is wrong:

Forms of chemical compounds having the same number and type of each atom but different arrangements are known as isomers. Hence, this alternative is incorrect.

Why alternative B is wrong:

Elements whose atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their respective nuclei are known as isotopes. Hence, this alternative is incorrect.

Why alternative D is wrong:

Isotones are nuclides that have the same number of neutrons. Hence, this alternative is incorrect.

Question 5

1 / -0

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Nancy is studying the structure of an atom and she notices the symbol, ¹²C. She knows that the atomic number of carbon is 6 and observes that the number of neutrons present in ¹²C is stated incorrectly as 8.

Nancy correctly calculates the number of neutrons in ¹²C as

6

9

12

18 Solution

The atomic weight of a substance is equal to the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons present in it. Thus, the number of neutrons present in an atom is equal to the difference between its mass number and its atomic number i.e. the number of protons i.e., 12 − 6 = 6.

The correct answer is A.

Question 6
1 / -0

Use the following information to answer the next question.

The mass number and atomic number of an element is 192 and 77 respectively.

The number of protons in an atom of the same element is

A
269

B
192

C
115

D
77

Solution

An atom contains an equal number of electrons and protons, which are equal to the atomic number of the element. Thus, the number of protons present in an atom of the given element is 77.

The correct answer is D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Use the following information to answer the next question.

The element with atomic number 11 has a mass number of 23.

The number of neutrons present in the atom is

A
11

B
12

C
23

D
34

Solution

The atomic weight of a substance is equal to the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons present in it. Thus, the number of neutrons present in an atom is equal to the difference between its mass number and its atomic number i.e. the number of protons i.e., 23 − 11 = 12.

The correct answer is B.
Question 8
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Which of the following pairs is always present in equal numbers inside an atom?

A
Protons and photons

B
Electrons and protons

C
Photons and neutrons

D
Electrons and neutrons

Solution

An atom contains an equal number of electrons and protons, which are equal to the atomic number of the element.

The correct answer is B.

Why alternatives A, C and D are wrong:

The number of neutrons in an atom varies in accordance with the mass number. Hence, it cannot always be equal to the number of protons and electrons. Photons carry electromagnetic wavelength and are not present inside an atom. Thus, alternatives A, C, and D are incorrect since they contain neutrons and photons as the constituent species.

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 12

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 12

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Question 1

There is a lot of empty space inside an atom.

An atom contains a positive core called the nucleus.

Electrons are spread out in the empty space in an atom.

Protons present within the nucleus of an atom are loosely held.

Solution

Question 2

26

28

52

56

Solution

Question 3

electrons and protons only

proton and neutrons only

protons, electrons, and neutrons

electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons

Solution

Question 4

forms of chemical compounds having the same number and type of each atom but different arrangements

elements having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their respective nuclei

nuclides having the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers

species having the same number of neutrons

Solution

Question 5

6

9

12

18

Solution

Question 6

269

192

115

77

Solution

Question 7

11

12

23

34

Solution

Question 8

Protons and photons

Electrons and protons

Photons and neutrons

Electrons and neutrons

Solution

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