Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 24

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Question 1

1 / -0

The total number of neutrons in all isotopes of hydrogen is equal to:

6

2

4

3 Solution

Hydrogen has 3 isotopes.

$$_{1}^{1}\textrm{H} $$	$$_{1}^{2}\textrm{H}$$	$$_{1}^{3}\textrm{H}$$
neutron 0	1	2
proton 1	1	1

The total number of neutrons in all the isotopes of Hydrogen $$=0+1+2=3$$.

Question 2
1 / -0

In Rutherford's experiment, most of the alpha particles go straight through the foil because

A
alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

B
alpha particles are positively charged

C
alpha particles move with high velocity

D
most part of the atom is empty

Solution

The observation that most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil led Rutherford to conclude that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a very small area that is called nucleus. Atoms have mostly empty space. Electrons, which are negatively charged, are distributed throughout this space but take up a very small part of it.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following point is not shown by the Rutherford alpha scattering experiment?

A
$$\alpha$$ - particle can come within a distance of the order of $$10^{-14} m$$ of the nucleus

B
The radius of the nucleus is less than $$10^{-14} m$$

C
Sattering follows coulombs law

D
The positively charged parts of an atom move with extremely high velocities

Solution

The conclusions of Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment do not include that the positively charged particles move with great velocities. The positively charged particles are present at the center of the atom called a nucleus.
Question 4
1 / -0

In Rutherford experiment, most of the alpha particles go straight through the foil because:

A
Alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

B
Alpha particles are positively charged

C
Most part of the atom is empty space

D
Alpha particles move with high velocity

Solution

Rutherford's model describes atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called the nucleus in which almost the entire mass is concentrated, around which electrons circle around at a certain distance. In his experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles.
Rutherford reasoned that since most of the atom is empty, the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
So, option C is correct.
Question 5
1 / -0

In Rutherford's $$\alpha$$-rays scattering experiment, gold foils are used because of ___________.

A
high malleability

B
ductility

C
high melting point

D
high ionisation energy

Solution

Malleability is the material's ability to form thin sheets. In Rutherford's ray scattering experiment, gold foil is used because of its high malleability. Very thin gold foil is used in the experiment and gold is capable of being rolled into extremely thin foils.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following properties are similar for isotopes?

A
Physical properties

B
Chemical properties

C
Both physical and chemical properties

D
Neither physical nor chemical properties

Solution

Isotopes have same atomic numbers but different mass numbers. This also means that the isotopes have the same number of electrons.
Chemical properties are determined by electronic configuration. So, with the same electronic configuration, they have similar chemical properties.
Question 7
1 / -0

To which of the following is Bohr's theory applicable:
I) $$He^{+}$$
II) $$Li^{2+}$$
III) Tritium
IV) $$Be^{2+}$$
The correct combination is:

A
III, IV

B
I, II, III, IV

C
I, II

D
I, II, III

Solution

Bohr's atomic model explains the spectra of single-electron atoms like $$H$$-atom. It does not explain the spectra of multi-electron atoms.

So the atoms which are isoelectronic and have the same electronic configuration are well explained by this atomic model.

$$He^+$$, $$Li^{2+}$$ and tritium $$_{ 1 }{ H }^{ 3 }$$ have same number of electrons as that of hydrogen atom i.e. $$1$$ while $$Be^{2+}$$ is formed by losing $$2e$$. So, it is a two-electron system.

Option D is correct.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statement is true about Rutherford’s experiment?

A
$$\beta $$-particles, which impinged on a metal foil and got absorbed

B
$$\gamma $$-rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected electrons

C
Helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered

D
Helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered

Solution

According to Rutherford's experiment, $$\alpha-$$ particles or helium nuclei impinged on a metal foil and got scattered.

Hence, the correct option is D.
Question 9
1 / -0

In Rutherford's alpha-ray scattering experiment, a screen is used to detect the alpha particles which is coated by:

A
carbon black

B
platinum black

C
zinc sulphide

D
poly tetrafluoro ethylene

Solution

In Rutherford's alpha-ray scattering experiment, the alpha particles are detected using a screen coated with zinc sulphide.
Question 10
1 / -0

The electron distribution in an aluminium atom is:

A
2, 8, 3

B
2, 8, 2

C
8, 2, 3

D
2, 3, 8

Solution

Atomic number of Al = 13.
K, L, M shell will accommodate 2, 8, 3 electrons ($$2n^2$$ rule). Therefore, the electronic configuration is 2, 8, 3.

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 24

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 24

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

6

2

4

3

Solution

Question 2

alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

alpha particles are positively charged

alpha particles move with high velocity

most part of the atom is empty

Solution

Question 3

$$\alpha$$ - particle can come within a distance of the order of $$10^{-14} m$$ of the nucleus

The radius of the nucleus is less than $$10^{-14} m$$

Sattering follows coulombs law

The positively charged parts of an atom move with extremely high velocities

Solution

Question 4

Alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

Alpha particles are positively charged

Most part of the atom is empty space

Alpha particles move with high velocity

Solution

Question 5

high malleability

ductility

high melting point

high ionisation energy

Solution

Question 6

Physical properties

Chemical properties

Both physical and chemical properties

Neither physical nor chemical properties

Solution

Question 7

III, IV

I, II, III, IV

I, II

I, II, III

Solution

Question 8

$$\beta $$-particles, which impinged on a metal foil and got absorbed

$$\gamma $$-rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected electrons

Helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered

Helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil and got scattered

Solution

Question 9

carbon black

platinum black

zinc sulphide

poly tetrafluoro ethylene

Solution

Question 10

2, 8, 3

2, 8, 2

8, 2, 3

2, 3, 8

Solution

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