Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 25

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following do not represent Bohr's model of an atom correctly?

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(ii) and (iv)

D
(i) and (iv)

Solution

The electronic configuration of an atom of the element is derived using Bohr's formula $$2n^{2}$$, where $$n$$ is the no. of orbit.
According to this formula, the first shell can contain only 2 electrons and the second shell contain not more than 8 electrons.
Question 2
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Atomic models have been improved over the years. Arrange the following atomic models in the order of their chronological order.
(i) Rutherfords atomic model
(ii) Thomsons atomic model
(iii) Bohr's atomic model

A
(i), (ii) and (iii)

B
(ii), (iii) and (i)

C
(ii), (i) and (iii)

D
(iii), (ii) and (i)

Solution

Sir J J Thomson in 1897 studied the characteristics of cathode rays and discovered protons.

Lord Rutherford in 1911 studied the atomic model and discovered the atomic nucleus.

Bohr later explained the stability of the atom which was not explained by the others in their atomic theory.
Question 3
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Rutherford's scattering experiment estimated the size of:

A
atom

B
electron

C
neutron

D
nucleus

Solution

Rutherford's model compared the sizes of the atom and that of the nucleus. He estimated the size of the nucleus to be about 1/100,000 the size of the atom.
Question 4
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Rutherford's alpha ($$\alpha$$) particle scattering experiment resulted in discovery of:

A
electron

B
proton

C
nucleus in the atom

D
atomic mass

Solution

Rutherford concluded from the $$\alpha$$-particle scattering experiment that:
(i) Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.
(ii) Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
(iii) A very small fraction of $$\alpha$$-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

On the basis of his experiment,
Rutherford put forward the nuclear model of an atom, which had the following features:
(i) There is a positively charged center in an atom called the nucleus. Nearly all the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.
(ii) The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.
(iii) The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom. Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment shows the presence of nucleus in the atom.
It also gives the following important information about the nucleus of an atom :
(i) The nucleus of an atom is positively charged.
(ii) The nucleus of an atom is very dense and hard.
(iii) The nucleus of an atom is very small as compared to the size of the atom as a whole.
Rutherford model of the atom is also called Nuclear model of the atom.
Hence (C) is the correct option.
Question 5
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During the Rutherford's $$\alpha$$-particle scattering experiment, he concluded that:
(i) electrons have negative charge.
(ii) the mass and positive charge of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
(iii) neutron exists in the nucleus.
(iv) most of the space in atom is empty.
Choose the correct statements.

A
(i) and (iii)

B
(ii) and (iv)

C
(i) and (iv)

D
(iii) and (iv)

Solution

In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford observed that most of the alpha particles which are positively charged particles went straight through the foil without any deflection so he concluded that most of the space in the atom is relatively empty.

Few alpha particles deflected by large angles with a $$180^0$$ made him conclude that mass and positive charge is concentrated at the centre of the atom.

Hence option (B) is correct.
Question 6
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In Thomson's model of the atom, which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) The mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom.
(ii) The positive charge is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom.
(iii) The electrons are uniformly distributed in the positively charged sphere.
(iv) The electrons attract each other to stabilize the atom.

A
(i), (ii) and (iii)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(i) and (iv)

D
(i), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

According to Thomson, the model of an atom is similar to a Christmas pudding.
The electrons are studded like currants(decorated) in a positively charged sphere like Christmas pudding and the mass of the atom was supposed to be uniformly distributed.
Therefore (i), (ii) and (iii) are all correct.
Hence the correct option is A.
Question 7
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According to Rutherford's atomic theory, the path an electron takes while revolving around the nucleus will be

A
circular

B
spiral

C
straight

D
none of these

Solution

According to Rutherford's atomic theory, the electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths. But, the revolution of the electron in a circular orbit is not expected to be stable. Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo acceleration. During acceleration, charged particles would radiate energy. Thus, the revolving electron would lose energy due to which the radius of revolutions will go on decreasing until it finally falls into the nucleus. The path the electron takes will be spiral and not circular.
Question 8
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The Bohr model of atoms:

A
uses Einstein's photo electric equation

B
predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms

C
predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atoms

D
assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized

Solution

Bohr model of an atom states that only those orbits are allowed where angular momentum of electron are integral multiple of $$nh/2\pi$$. These orbits have quantized energy and angular momentum associated with electron.
The model can be applied to hydrogen or hydrogen-like atoms to explain their line emission spectrum.
Option D is correct.
Question 9
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Which of the statements are the drawbacks of Rutherford's model of an atom?

A
The orbital revolution of the electron is not expected to be stable

B
Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo a acceleration and the charged particles would radiate energy

C
The revolving electron would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus

D
All of the above

Solution

The drawback of Rutherford model is:
It can't explain the stability of an atom. As per the model, the orbital revolution of electrons around the nucleus is not stable as the revolving electrons in orbits will undergo acceleration and emit energy. This will result in loss of energy of electrons and they will ultimately fall into the nucleus.
Question 10
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Isotopes have same____but different____.

A
atomic number, mass number

B
mass number, atomic number

C
number of neutrons, atomic number

D
None of these

Solution

Isotopes of an element have same atomic number and different mass numbers.

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 25

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 25

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Question 1

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(ii) and (iv)

(i) and (iv)

Solution

Question 2

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(ii), (iii) and (i)

(ii), (i) and (iii)

(iii), (ii) and (i)

Solution

Question 3

atom

electron

neutron

nucleus

Solution

Question 4

electron

proton

nucleus in the atom

atomic mass

Solution

Question 5

(i) and (iii)

(ii) and (iv)

(i) and (iv)

(iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 6

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii)

(i) and (iv)

(i), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 7

circular

spiral

straight

none of these

Solution

Question 8

uses Einstein's photo electric equation

predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms

predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atoms

assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized

Solution

Question 9

The orbital revolution of the electron is not expected to be stable

Any particle in a circular orbit would undergo a acceleration and the charged particles would radiate energy

The revolving electron would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

atomic number, mass number

mass number, atomic number

number of neutrons, atomic number

None of these

Solution

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