Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 26

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Neon and chlorine have atomic numbers $$10$$ and $$17$$ respectively. Their valencies will be ______ and ______ respectively.

A
$$1, 1$$

B
$$1, 0$$

C
$$0, 1$$

D
$$0, 0$$

Solution

The valency of $$Ne$$ is zero as it is a noble gas and thus does not take part in bond formation.

$$Cl$$ has electronic configuration: $$2, 8, 7$$. Therefore, $$Cl$$ will accept one electron to attain stable noble gas configuration. Thus valency of $$Cl$$ is $$1$$.
Question 2
1 / -0

Gold is chosen by Rutherford for his $$\alpha$$-ray scattering experiment because:

A
gold has high malleability

B
gold has high ductility

C
gold has high density

D
gold is the least reactive element

Solution

Malleability is a property of metals which can be beaten into sheets. For his experiment Rutherford needed a very thin sheet of metal and hence he selected gold metal which could be beaten into very thin sheet.
Question 3
1 / -0

The conclusion of Rutherford from his $$\alpha$$-ray scattering experiment is:

A
many particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very small space.

B
many particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very large space.

C
most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.

D
a very large fraction of alpha-particles were deflected by $$180^o$$, indicating that all the positive charges and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

Solution

The conclusion of Rutherford from his $$\alpha$$-ray experiment are:
(i) Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the alpha-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.
(ii) Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
(iii) A very small fraction of alpha-particles were deflected by $$180^\circ$$,
indicating that all the positive charges and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.
From the data he also calculated that the radius of the nucleus is about 105 times less than the radius of the atom.
Question 4
1 / -0

The gap between electron and nucleus(proton) in hydrogen atom is:

A
absolutely empty

B
full of electromagnetic radiation

C
full of air

D
full of ether

Solution

In an atom, protons are present in the nucleus and electrons are revolving in orbits around the nucleus. Therefore in a hydrogen atom, the space between one proton and one electron is empty.
Question 5
1 / -0

The atomic number of calcium and argon are 20 and 18 respectively, but the mass number of both these elements is 40. What is the name given to such a pair of elements?

A
Isotopes

B
Isobars

C
Both isotopes and isobars

D
None of the above

Solution

Isobars are atoms having the same mass number but a different atomic number. The pair has the same atomic mass which is 40 and different atomic number 20 and 18 respectively.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A
The particles which are present in an atom are known as sub-atomic particles

B
The particles which are present in a nucleus are known as nucleons.

C
An alpha particle is a doubly ionized helium nucleus.

D
The mass of an electron is $$1.06\times 10^{-19}g$$

Solution
Question 7
1 / -0

Find out the valency of the atoms represented by the figure.

A
(a) 0 (b) 0

B
(a) 1 (b) 0

C
(a) 0 (b) 1

D
(a) 1 (b) 1

Solution

Valency of an atom of an element is the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom in order to become stable.
Atom in diagram 'a' has completely filled outermost shell as it has 8 electrons in the outermost shell. hence it is stable. it need not lose or gain electrons in order to become stable.
Atom in diagram 'b' has 7 electrons in its valence shell. To have octet, it gains one electron and hence its valency is one.
Question 8
1 / -0

Rutherford's $$\alpha-$$ particle scattering experiment led to the discovery of:

A
electrons

B
protons

C
neutrons

D
atomic nucleus

Solution

During Rutherford's experiment, most of the $$\alpha$$ particles emitted from a radioactive source bounced back to the source when passed through a gold foil. This is possible only if positively charged heavy particle (nucleus) is present at the centre. Hence, this experiment led to the discovery of atomic nucleus.
Question 9
1 / -0

$$_{18}Ar^{40}$$ and $$_{19}K^{40}$$ are a pair of:

A
isomers

B
isobars

C
isotopes

D
isotones

Solution

$$Ar^{40}$$ and $$K^{40}$$ have same mass no. 40 but different atomic number, therefore, they are called isobars.
Question 10
1 / -0

Size of the nucleus is:

A
$$1A^0$$

B
$$10^{-16}m$$

C
$$10^{-15}m$$

D
$$10^{-14}m$$

Solution

According to Rutherford the nucleus size is $${ 10 }^{ -15 }m$$.
The size of the atom ranges from $$0.1$$ to $$0.5nm$$

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 26

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 26

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Question 1

$$1, 1$$

$$1, 0$$

$$0, 1$$

$$0, 0$$

Solution

Question 2

gold has high malleability

gold has high ductility

gold has high density

gold is the least reactive element

Solution

Question 3

many particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very small space.

many particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very large space.

most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.

a very large fraction of alpha-particles were deflected by $$180^o$$, indicating that all the positive charges and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

Solution

Question 4

absolutely empty

full of electromagnetic radiation

full of air

full of ether

Solution

Question 5

Isotopes

Isobars

Both isotopes and isobars

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

The particles which are present in an atom are known as sub-atomic particles

The particles which are present in a nucleus are known as nucleons.

An alpha particle is a doubly ionized helium nucleus.

The mass of an electron is $$1.06\times 10^{-19}g$$

Solution

Question 7

(a) 0 (b) 0

(a) 1 (b) 0

(a) 0 (b) 1

(a) 1 (b) 1

Solution

Question 8

electrons

protons

neutrons

atomic nucleus

Solution

Question 9

isomers

isobars

isotopes

isotones

Solution

Question 10

$$1A^0$$

$$10^{-16}m$$

$$10^{-15}m$$

$$10^{-14}m$$

Solution

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