Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 28

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Question 1
1 / -0

Rutherford's atomic model told that the whole concentration of an atom is located at the:

A
centre of atom

B
outside of atom

C
distributed throughout the atom

D
middle layer of atom

Solution

According to Rutherford's atomic model entire mass of the atom is concentrated at the centre of atom. This marks the discovery of nucleus. Nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom.
Question 2
1 / -0

Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment showed for the first time that an atom has:

A
electrons

B
protons

C
a nucleus

D
neutrons

Solution

Since most of the alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment passed through the atom undeflected, he concluded that most of the space inside an atom is empty. He also postulated that most of the mass of the atom is limited to a small volume inside the atom, called nucleus.
Question 3
1 / -0

Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment eventually led to the conclusion that:

A
mass and energy are related

B
electrons occupy space around the nucleus

C
neutrons are buried deep in the nucleus

D
the point of impact with matter can be precisely determined

Solution

Hint: Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment proves that the space of an atom is void.

Explanation:

Rutherford’s alpha particle experiment is-

Rutherford passed alpha particles in a gold wire. He observed that most of the alpha particles did not come back and remain undeflected from this he concluded that most of the space of the atom is blank or void.

Few alpha particles come back by getting repulsion from a positively charged nucleus. This proves that the center of an atom contains a positively charged nucleus.

Some alpha particles attract by some force which is electron. Negatively charged electrons attract the positively charged alpha particle. This proves that electrons occupy space around the nucleus.

Final Answer: Correct option $$B$$.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following path is assumed for the electron in the theory of Rutherford?

A
Elliptical

B
Circular

C
Spiral

D
All of the above

Solution

Rutherford proposed that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths .The electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and electron provides centripetal force (force towards the centre).
Question 5
1 / -0

When fast moving alpha particles are made to fall on a thin gold foil, most of them go straight through the foil because:

A
alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

B
alpha particles are positively charged

C
most part of the atom is empty space

D
alpha particles move with high velocity

Solution

Most of the $$\alpha-$$particles in Rutherford's experiment passed through the gold foil without getting deflected. Based on this, Rutherford concluded that most of the space inside the atom is empty.
Question 6
1 / -0

Rutherford experiment of scattering of $$\alpha$$-particles showed for the first time that the atom has :

A
protons

B
nucleus

C
electrons

D
neutrons

Solution

Rutherford experiment of scattering of $$\alpha$$-particles showed for the first time that the atom has a nucleus. It is centrally located, solid, compact, small part having all positive charge and nearly the whole mass.
Question 7
1 / -0

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to:

A
atomic mass number

B
number of neutrons

C
its valency

D
number of protons

Solution

The no. of electrons in a neutral atom are equal to its number of protons. It is also equal to its atomic number.

For example, the atomic number of N is 7. It contains 7 electrons and 7 protons.

Therefore, the correct option is (D)
Question 8
1 / -0

What is the difference in number of neutrons in Protium and Deuterium?

A
1

B
2

C
3

D
4

Solution

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei.
They have the same number of protons and electrons. Hence the same atomic number but a different mass number.

Protium and Deuterium, $$_1^1H$$ and $$_1^2H$$, have the same atomic number and different mass number. They have 1 proton and 1 electron each. But they have 0 and 1 neutrons respectively.

So, the difference in the number of neutrons $$=1$$.
Question 9
1 / -0

When $$\alpha$$-particle are sent through a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the foil because:

A
$$\alpha$$-particles are much heavier than electrons

B
$$\alpha$$-particles are positively charged

C
most part of the atom is empty space

D
$$\alpha$$-particle move with high velocity

Solution

As most part of an atom is empty so collision rate is low and most of the particles go straight through the foil.
Also, alpha particles are heavier than electrons so they go straight and have small impact of collision.
Question 10
1 / -0

According to whose atomic model, electrons are embedded in a gel of positive charge?

A
Dalton's model

B
Bohr's model

C
Thomson's model

D
Rutherford's model

Solution

Thomson assumed that an atom is a sphere of positive charges uniformly distributed, with the electrons scattered as points throughout the sphere. This was known as plum-pudding model at that time.

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 28

Result

Structure of the Atoms Test - 28

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

centre of atom

outside of atom

distributed throughout the atom

middle layer of atom

Solution

Question 2

electrons

protons

a nucleus

neutrons

Solution

Question 3

mass and energy are related

electrons occupy space around the nucleus

neutrons are buried deep in the nucleus

the point of impact with matter can be precisely determined

Solution

Question 4

Elliptical

Circular

Spiral

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

alpha particles are much heavier than electrons

alpha particles are positively charged

most part of the atom is empty space

alpha particles move with high velocity

Solution

Question 6

protons

nucleus

electrons

neutrons

Solution

Question 7

atomic mass number

number of neutrons

its valency

number of protons

Solution

Question 8

1

2

3

4

Solution

Question 9

$$\alpha$$-particles are much heavier than electrons

$$\alpha$$-particles are positively charged

most part of the atom is empty space

$$\alpha$$-particle move with high velocity

Solution

Question 10

Dalton's model

Bohr's model

Thomson's model

Rutherford's model

Solution

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