Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 36

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following atom has a valency of three?

A
Magnesium

B
Fluorine

C
Aluminium

D
Carbon

Solution

Aluminium with three valence electrons has a valency = $$3$$
Fluorine has seven valence electrons and has a valency = $$1$$
Magnesium has two valence electrons and has a valency = $$2$$
Carbon has four valence electrons and has a valency = $$4$$
So, option C is correct.
Question 2
1 / -0

The following diagram represents the atomic structure of which element?

A
Fluorine

B
Neon

C
Argon

D
Sulphur

Solution

The atomic structure of an element represents the distribution of electrons in different atomic orbitals. Using the atomic structure, we can find out the atomic number. As every element has a unique atomic number, we can identify the element from its atomic number.
In the given structure, the total number of electrons present is 18, and the distribution is (2, 8, 8). So, the element is Argon, and option C is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

What is the distribution of electrons in a magnesium atom?

A
(2, 8, 1)

B
(2, 8, 2)

C
(2, 8, 3)

D
(2, 8, 4)

Solution

The total number of electrons present in Magnesium atom is 12.
The distribution of electrons in magnesium atom is given by:
First orbit or K shell $$=\displaystyle 2\left( 2{ n }^{ 2 }=2\times { 1 }^{ 1 }=2 \right) $$
Second orbit or L shell $$=\displaystyle 8\left( 2\times { 2 }^{ 2 }=8 \right) $$
Third orbit or M shell $$=\displaystyle 2(12-2-8=2)$$
Question 4
1 / -0

If the K and L shells of an atom are full, then what will be the total number of electrons in the atom?

A
12

B
8

C
10

D
16

Solution

The maximum number of electrons in first orbit or K-shell will be $$\displaystyle 2\times { 1 }^{ 2 }=2$$ and second orbit or L-shell will be $$\displaystyle 2\times { 2 }^{ 2 }=8$$. Hence, if K and L shell is full, the total number of electrons in the atom will be 2+8 = 10.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following atom doesn't have its valency as one?

A
Lithium

B
Hydrogen

C
Magnesium

D
Sodium

Solution

Lithium, hydrogen, and sodium all generally exhibit a valency of one. On the other hand, magnesium has two electrons in its outermost shell and exhibits a valency of two.
So, the correct option is C.
Question 6
1 / -0

What is the valency of fluorine atom?

A
7

B
1

C
3

D
6

Solution

The fluorine atom has 7 electrons in the outermost shell and its valency could be 7. But it is easier for fluorine to gain one electron instead of losing seven electrons. Hence, its valency is determined by subtracting seven electrons from the octet and this gives you a valency of one for fluorine.
Question 7
1 / -0

What is the valency of sulphur atom?

A
2

B
3

C
1

D
4

Solution

The sulphur atom has 6 electrons in the outermost shell, and its valency could be 6. But it is easier for sulphur to gain two electrons instead of losing six electrons. Hence, its valency is determined by subtracting six electrons from the octet and this gives a valency of two for sulphur.
Question 8
1 / -0

In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most of the alpha particles:

A
passed straight through the gold foil

B
were absorbed by the gold foil

C
were deflected by the gold foil

D
None of the above

Solution

In this experiment, most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil. Only some particles were deflected. Hence, it was concluded by Rutherford that the atom consists of large empty space and the positive
charge is confined to a very little space in the atom.
Question 9
1 / -0

"The atom as a whole is electrically neutral", is a statement proposed by which atomic model?

A
Thomson's atomic model

B
Goldstein's atomic model

C
Chadwick's atomic model

D
None of the above
Solution
Thomson proposed that :
- An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it. Thus, the atom is visualized as a pudding or cake of positive charges with raisins (electrons) embedded into it. Hence it is the raisin pudding model or watermelon model.
- The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So that atoms as a whole are electrically neutral.
Question 10
1 / -0

What is the valency of chlorine atom?

A
2

B
3

C
1

D
4

Solution

The chlorine atom has $$7$$ electrons in the outermost shell. Losing 7 electrons to obtain the stable electronic configuration is difficult. Instead chlorine gains one electron to achieve the octet state. Therefore, its valency is 1.

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 36

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 36

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Question 1

Magnesium

Fluorine

Aluminium

Carbon

Solution

Question 2

Fluorine

Neon

Argon

Sulphur

Solution

Question 3

(2, 8, 1)

(2, 8, 2)

(2, 8, 3)

(2, 8, 4)

Solution

Question 4

12

8

10

16

Solution

Question 5

Lithium

Hydrogen

Magnesium

Sodium

Solution

Question 6

7

1

3

6

Solution

Question 7

2

3

1

4

Solution

Question 8

passed straight through the gold foil

were absorbed by the gold foil

were deflected by the gold foil

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Thomson's atomic model

Goldstein's atomic model

Chadwick's atomic model

None of the above

Solution

Question 10

2

3

1

4

Solution

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