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Structure of the Atoms Test - 41

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 41
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Rutherford's theory assumed which of the following paths for the electron?
    Solution
    Rutherford's theory assumed circular paths for the electron. It explains the movement of electrons as a circulatory rotation of electrons around the nucleus.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed straight through the gold foil. This proved the existence of ________ in an atom.
    Solution
    In Rutherford's gold foil experiment for the discovery of atomic structure, most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed straight (around 99%  non-deflected $$\alpha-$$particles) through the gold foil which proved the existence of empty space in an atom.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    According to J.J Thomson's atomic model, negative charges are embedded in:
    Solution

    The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. According to J.J. Thomson atomic model the positive particles in the atom form something like the "batter" in a plum pudding, while the negative electrons are scattered through this "batter". 

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Rutherford's experiment on scattering of $$\alpha$$-particles showed for the first time that the atom has
    Solution
    Rutherford's experiment on scattering of α -particles showed for the first time that the atom has nucleus. It is a small positively charged part of the atom. It is situated at the center and carries almost entire mass of the atom.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    When alpha particles are sent through a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the foil because:
    Solution
    • Because most of the $$\alpha$$-particles passed through the metal foil without getting deflected means most of the space inside the atom is empty. 
    • Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
    • A very small fraction of $$\alpha$$-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.
    Hence, option $$C$$ is correct.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    According to Rutherford's atomic model, the entire mass of the atom is concentrated at the ___________.
    Solution
    Rutherford's atomic model also known as a nuclear atom. In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the centre of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The existence of the nucleus was discovered by :
    Solution
    The existence of the nucleus was discovered by Rutherford through the $$\alpha$$ scattering experiment, where beams of $$\alpha$$ particles, which struck a very thin sheet of gold foil, defected from their path.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn on Rutherford's atomic model?
    Solution
    The concept of stationary orbits was introduced by Bohr. This was to overcome drawback of Rutherford's model. Thus the statement of option D cannot be drawn on basis of Rutherford's model. Thus answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    What does Bohr's atomic theory explain?
    Solution
    The Bohr's atomic theory explains about the presence of stable orbits or stationary states. This theory thus was able to overcome drawback of Rutherford's theory. Thus the correct option is $$\text{D}$$.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    A beam of alpha-particles is fired at a piece of gold foil as shown in the image. After striking the gold foil in which direction do most of the alpha-particles travel?

    Solution
    Alpha particles are positively charged particles made up of two protons, two neutrons, and zero electrons. Due to the fact that protons have a +1 charge and neutrons hold no charge. This would give the particle a +2 charge overall.
    Originally, Rutherford thought that particles would fly straight through the foil. However, he found that the particles would be shifted or deflected when passing through the foil. This is due to the fact that like charges repel each other.
    As the positively charged alpha particle would fly through the foil, it would come in proximity with a positively charged nucleus of an atom.
    Thus we can conclude that the particle travels in $$P$$ direction.


    Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment to know the arrangement of electrons within an atom. In this experiment, fast-moving alpha particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil(100 nm thickness). The $$\alpha$$-particles are doubly charged helium ions. Since they have a mass of 4 u, the fast-moving $$\alpha$$-particles have a considerable amount of energy. It was expected that $$\alpha$$-particles would be deflected by subatomic particles in the gold atom. Since $$\alpha$$-particles were much heavier than protons, he did not expect to see large deflections. 
    But, the $$\alpha$$-particle scattering experiment gave totally unexpected results.
    The following observations were made: 
    (i) Most of the fast-moving -particles passed straight through the gold foil. 
    (ii) Some of the -particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
    (iii) Surprisingly one out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound.


    Following are the observations which conclude the presence of the nucleus at the center of the atom:
    1) Some of the alpha rays are deflected back with some angle. (presence of nucleus)
    2) Very few alpha particles are bounced back with zero-degree angles. (Alpha rays hit the center of the nucleus)
    Hence option A,C,DA,C,D are correct.



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