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Structure of the Atoms Test - 42

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 42
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Rutherford's experiment for the first time proved that an atom has:
    Solution
    Since most of the alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment passed through the atom undeflected, he concluded that most of the mass of the atom is limited to a small volume inside the atom, called nucleus.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The total number of electrons in a nitrogen atom and a chlorine atom are $$7$$ and $$17$$ respectively. Find the number of valence electrons in them.
    Solution
    The electronic configuration of nitrogen is $$2,5$$ and so, has $$5$$ valence electrons.
    Similarly, the electronic configuration of chlorine is $$2,8,7$$, and the last shell has 7 electrons. Thus it has $$7$$ valence electrons. The answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of following was not explained by Rutherford?
    Solution

    One of the drawbacks of Rutherford's model was also that he did not say anything about the arrangement of electrons in an atom which made his theory incomplete. 

    So, the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus is the correct answer here.

    Hence, option A is correct.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following about atomic structure is FALSE?
    Solution
    Let us take a look at all the options.

    Option A says that electrons occupy a large volume as compared to the nucleus. This is true since we know that the nucleus takes up very little space and that the electron cloud is generally 100,000 times bigger than the nucleus.

    Option B says that number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom are same which is true since if there were more protons or more electrons the atom would develop a charge and thus not be neutral.

    Option C says that the difference between mass number and atomic number should be equal to the number of protons which is not true since this value gives us the number of neutrons.

    Option D is also true since electrons have very small mass and therefore most of the mass of the atom is found inside the nucleus. 
  • Question 5
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    $$I$$. During Rutherford's gold foil experiment, a beam of alpha particles was directed at a thin sheet of gold foil. This helped to prove the existence of a nucleus in the atom.

    $$II$$. Most of the positively charged alpha particles were able to pass undeflected through the gold foil.
    Solution
    In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, beams of alpha particles were bombarded on a thin sheet of gold. Based on the observations, Rutherford drew the following conclusions regarding the structure of the atom :

    (i) Most of the space in the atom is empty as most of the α–particles passed through the foil undeflected.

    (ii) A few positively charged α– particles were deflected. The deflection must have been due to enormous repulsive force, showing that the positive charge of the atom is not spread throughout the atom. The positive charge has to be concentrated in a very small volume that repelled and deflected the positively charged α– particles.
    Option A is correct as both statements are true.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which experiment helped to prove the existence of the atomic nucleus?
    Solution
    Based on the gold foil $$\alpha$$-ray scattering experiment Rutherford gave his model where he proved existence of nucleus. Thus experiment of gold foil helped in proving existence of nucleus.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following was explained in Rutherford's atomic model?
    Solution
    Rutherford didnot tell about stability of anything in his experiment. So none of them are correct.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Positive charge in an atom is:
    Solution
    Positive charge in an atom is concentrated at the centre, present in the nucleus in the form of protons. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Scientists previously thought an atom looked like plum pudding. In this model, it was assumed that protons and electrons were distributed throughout the atom almost randomly. Which of the following contributions DISPROVED the Plum Pudding Model?
    Solution

    In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, few positively charged $$\alpha$$- particles were deflected. The deflection must be due to enormous repulsive force showing that the positive charge of the atom is not spread throughout the atom as Thomson had presumed in his plum-pudding model. The positive charge has to be concentrated in a very small volume that repelled and deflected the positively charged $$\alpha$$-particles.

    Thomson's experiment gave the existence of electron and Millikan's oil drop experiment tells about charge of electron.

    Bohr's model explained the stability of atom and distribution of electron in orbit.
    Thus, option A is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Who proposed the planetary model of the atom?
    Solution
    The Bohr's model of atom is familiarly recognized as planetary model. This model was proposed by Neils Bohr in which he overcame various drawbacks of Rutherford's model. Thus the planetary model of atom was proposed by Neils Bohr.
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