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The Fundamental Unit of Life Test - 31

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The Fundamental Unit of Life Test - 31
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The organelles that are present in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes is/are: 
    Solution
    • Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound cell organelles. Nucleus and mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles and hence, are absent in prokaryotic cells.
    • Ribosomes are organelles made up of proteins and RNA molecules called subunits and do not have any membrane. These are involved in protein synthesis and are present in both prokaryotes (70S type) and eukaryotes (80S type). 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    _________ provides the rigid shape to plant cells.
    Solution
    The peptidoglycan in the cell wall gives a rigid structure to the entire cell. The cell wall surrounding the cell gives shape to the cell and also prevents it from bursting.
    Thus, option A is the correct answer.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    ................ is present inside the nucleus of a cell.
    Solution
    • Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands. It is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus.
    • Mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and centriole are found inside the nucleus, but outside the nucleus.
    So option D is correct. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The nucleus has a double layered covering called as:
    Solution
    A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus bounded by a double wall membrane structure known as a nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane is a discontinuous membrane having nuclear pores, which act as a protein channel for regulating the exchange of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The gap between the inner and outer membrane is known as perinuclear space.
    Hence the correct option is C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following differentiates the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
    Solution
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex yet well-organized organelle of the eukaryotic cell. 
    • It plays a major role in the manufacturing and packaging of proteins.
    • ER is of 2 types:
    1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - It consists of ribosomes on its external surface, thus giving it a rough appearance and is responsible for protein synthesis.
    2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - It doesn't have ribosomes and is smooth in appearance, its main function is to produce cellular products like hormones and lipids. 
    Hence, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Karyology is the study of
    Solution
    • A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or in an individual organism. The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. Hence, the karyology is the study of the nucleus.
    • So, the correct answer is 'nucleus'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The nucleus is separated from surrounding cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane, which is:
    Solution
    Surrounding every nucleus is a double-layered membrane called the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope. This membrane separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
    The nuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayers - the inner nuclear membrane, and the outer nuclear membrane. It also has many small holes called nuclear pores that allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus.
    So, the answer is 'C'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    A collection of cells joined together in a structural unit to perform a function is known as:
    Solution
    An organ is a group of tissues in a living organism that perform a specific function. 
    In higher animals, organs are grouped into organ systems. 
    The tissue is the group of the cell from the common origin and performs a specific function. 
    The cell is the smallest unit of life that performs all functions.
    Hence, the correct option is C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Pick the odd one out among the following.
    Solution
    A ribosome is a component of cells that synthesizes protein chains. It is present outside the nucleus.
    Nucleus is the control centre of the cell which contains the nucleolus and chromosomes.
    Hence the correct option is D.

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Bacteria differ from eukaryotes in absence of
    Solution
    Prokaryotic cells synthesize a set of small, usually basic proteins that bind DNA and are collectively called histone- like proteins because their biochemical properties resemble eukaryotic histones but histones are absent in Bacteria
    So, the correct answer is 'Histones'
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