The Fundamental Unit of Life Test

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The Fundamental Unit of Life Test - 33

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Question 1
1 / -0

Role of nucleus in morphological differentiation was discovered in _______________.

A
Acetabularia by Hammerling

B
Drosophila by Morgan

C
Neurospora by Beadle and Tatum

D
Garden Pea by Mendel.

Solution

Answer is option (A) Acetabularia by Hammerling.
In his experiments, Hammerling grafted the stalk of one species of Acetabularia onto the foot of another species.
In all cases, the cap that eventually developed on the grafted cell matched the species of the foot rather than that of the stalk.
In this example, the cap that is allowed to grow on the grafted stalk looks like the base species one... A. mediterranea
This experiment shows that the base is responsible for the type of cap that grows. The nucleus that contains genetic information is in the base, so the nucleus directs cellular development.

Question 2

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Match the columns:

	Column I		Column II
(a)	Endoplasmic reticulum	(i)	Stack of cisternae
(b)	Sphaerosome	(ii)	Store oil
(c)	Dictyosomes	(iii)	Synthesis and storage of lipids
(d)	Peroxisomes	(iv)	Photorespiraton
(e)	Elaioplasts	(v)	Detoxification of drugs

a-v, b-iii, c-i, d-iv, e-ii

a-v, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv, e-i

a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv, e-v

a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-v, e-ii

a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-iv, e-ii.

Question 3
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Surface of endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ___________.

A
Glucose

B
DNA

C
Ribosomes

D
RNA

Solution

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm. Some endoplasmic reticulums show ribosomes attached to their outer surface hence, they are called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). RER is also called the factory of a cell because along with the ribosomes they manufacture proteins and transport them to other parts of the cell.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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______ is a system of membrane bound vesicles arranged parallel to each other in stacks called cisterns.

A
Golgi apparatus

B
Plastid

C
Lysosome

D
Ribosome
Question 5
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Transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm in a/an

A
Prokaryotic cell

B
Eukaryotic cell

C
Unicellular organism only

D
None of the above

Solution

Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from DNA. Transcription takes place inside the nucleus, where the DNA of a cell is stored. Since eukaryotes have a defined membrane bound nucleus, therefore transcription always takes place inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
Translation, on the other hand is the process of production of proteins from messenger RNA. Production of proteins require ribosomes and ribosomes are found in cytoplasm. Thus, translation always occurs inside cytoplasm, whether it is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
In prokaryotes, however there is no define membrane bound nucleus. The DNA or the genetic material of prokaryotes lie inside cytoplasm only. Therefore, prokaryotic cells are the only cells where transcription and translation both occurs inside cytoplasm.
Hence, the correct option 'Prokaryotic cell'.
Question 6
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In eukaryotic cell,

A
A spindle apparatus is produced during nuclear division.

B
A spindle apparatus is not formed during division.

C
Gametes are not formed

D
Ribosomes are of 70S type
Solution
A. Correct option - A
B. Explanation for correct option -
In eukaryotic cells, the spindle apparatus means the cytoskeleton structure which is formed during the cell division.
It distinguished the sister chromatids between daughter cells and is known as the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
It is a process that generates daughter cells that are genetically identical.
In the meiotic spindle during the meiosis gametes are produced with half the number of chromosomes than the parent cells.
Question 7
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Double membraned envelop is found in

A
Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and chloroplast

B
Mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplast

C
Nucleus, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

D
Nucleus, ribosome and chloroplast
Solution
- The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
- The nucleus is enclosed by the nuclear envelope which is a double-layered membrane that consists of nuclear pores to regulate the transportation of substances such as RNA into and out of the nucleus.
- The chloroplast is also covered by a double membrane which is known as the chloroplast envelope.
- So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplast'.
Question 8
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The best model for the study of the structure of cell membrane is:

A
RBC of human

B
Liver cell

C
Kidney cell

D
Muscle cell

Solution

RBCs lack a nucleus and many other cell organelles. Thus, they are best suited to study cell membranes without any complications. They represent a source from which pure plasma membranes can be easily isolated for biochemical analysis. Studies of the red blood cell plasma membrane provided the first evidence that biological membranes consist of lipid bilayers.
Thus, human RBCs have been useful models for studies of membrane structure.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 9
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Which of these statements is/are true?

(i) The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in a eukaryotic cell.
(ii) The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always less than that of a eukaryotic cell.
(iii) Unlike eukaryotes, no special respiratory organelles are found in prokaryotes. Hence they respire at a much less rate than eukaryotes.
(iv) Eukaryotic cells show various membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus while ribosomes are the only membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotes.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(iv) only

C
(iii) only

D
(i), (ii) and (iv)
Solution
The cellular and genomic organisation of prokaryotes are fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic cells have a small, simple structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They have less surface area per volume. Prokaryotes have simpler and smaller genomes than eukaryotes. In the majority of prokaryotes, the genome consists of a ring of DNA with few associated proteins.
The eukaryotic genome is larger, organised into chromosomes, and is complexed with histone proteins.
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelle for respiration but many enzymes needed for cellular respiration are attached to the plasma membrane, which may fold and extend into the cell. Ribosomes are the only cytoplasmic organelles in prokaryotes and they are not membrane-bound.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (ii)'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Different cells have different sizes. Arrange the following cells in ascending order of their size and select the correct option:
(i) Mycoplasma (ii) Ostrich egg
(iii) Human RBCs (iv) Bacteria

A
(i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii)

B
(i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii)

C
(ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv)

D
(ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv)
Solution
- The smallest cell is Mycoplasma (0.1-0.5$$\mu m$$).
- The bacterial cell measures 3-5$$\mu m$$ in length.
- Erythrocytes (RBCs) are 6-8$$\mu m$$ in diameter.
- The largest cell is the egg of an ostrich.
So, the correct answer is option "(i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii)".

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The Fundamental Unit of Life Test - 33

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The Fundamental Unit of Life Test - 33

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Acetabularia by Hammerling

Drosophila by Morgan

Neurospora by Beadle and Tatum

Garden Pea by Mendel.

Solution

Question 2

a-v, b-iii, c-i, d-iv, e-ii

a-v, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv, e-i

a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv, e-v

a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-v, e-ii

a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-iv, e-ii.

Question 3

Glucose

DNA

Ribosomes

RNA

Solution

Question 4

Golgi apparatus

Plastid

Lysosome

Ribosome

Question 5

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

Unicellular organism only

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

A spindle apparatus is produced during nuclear division.

A spindle apparatus is not formed during division.

Gametes are not formed

Ribosomes are of 70S type

Solution

Question 7

Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and chloroplast

Mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplast

Nucleus, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus, ribosome and chloroplast

Solution

Question 8

RBC of human

Liver cell

Kidney cell

Muscle cell

Solution

Question 9

(i) and (ii)

(iv) only

(iii) only

(i), (ii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 10

(i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii)

(i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii)

(ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iii) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv)

(ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (ii) $$\rightarrow$$ (i) $$\rightarrow$$ (iv)

Solution

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