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Diversity in Living Organisms Test - 87

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Diversity in Living Organisms Test - 87
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
    Reptiles moved fully onto land owing to:
    Solution
    The earliest amniotes evolved about 350 million years ago. They resembled small lizards, but they were not yet reptiles. Their amniotic eggs allowed them to move away from bodies of water and become larger. They soon became the most important land vertebrates. Also,  reptile skin contains keratin, a water-resistant substance that maintains hydration and hence is tough. Laying soft-shelled eggs is safe in the water, but land-dwelling creatures require a different reproductive strategy. Scientists think this is why reptiles evolved a hard shell around their eggs and are internally fertilized as they are not in water. 
    So, the correct option is, 'all of these'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
    The amphibians common receptacle for the urinary, genital, and digestive canals is the:
    Solution
    The cloaca, or vent, is an opening used for the excretory, digestive and reproductive tracts of amphibians.
    So the correct answer is "cloaca"
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
    In arthropods, the possession of a cuticle usually dictates:
    Solution
    The cuticle is a rather inextensible structure, and in order to grow, insects need to shed their old cuticle at intervals after having produced a new one with a larger surface area. The whole process, from breaking the connections between the epidermal cells and the cuticle (apolysis) to emerging from the remnants of the old cuticle (ecdysis), is called molting. 
    So, the correct option is, 'molting'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
    Which of the following groups have highly efficient circulatory and respiratory systems, and a complex nervous system and sensory organs?
    Solution
    The circulatory system in chordates has a characteristic pattern and a proper respiratory system, nervous system and a skeletal system that gives proper shape and support. The reptiles, mammals, and fishes belonging to Chordata have all of these. 
    So, the correct option is, 'all of these'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
    Which of the following is mismatched?
    Solution
    Insects and some other invertebrates exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between their tissues and the air by a system of air-filled tubes called tracheae. Tracheae open to the outside through small holes called spiracles. In the grasshopper, the first and third segments of the thorax have a spiracle on each side. It does not respire by book lungs ((in a spider or other arachnid) each of a pair of respiratory organs composed of many fine lamellae. They are situated in the abdomen and have openings on the underside.
    So, the correct option is, 'Grasshopper - book lungs'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
    Which of the following is free-living bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation?
    Solution
    Non-symbiotic bacteria in the soil and symbiotic bacteria that live in the roots of plants are capable of nitrogen fixation. Bacteria in the genera Clostridium and Azotobacter are non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while those in the genus Rhizobium are symbiotic bacteria. Pseudomonas species fixes nitrogen under microaerobic conditions in the free-living state and colonizes rice endophytically. Nitrogen fixation in phototrophic bacteria has been found in Rhodospirillum rubrum. 
    So, the correct option is, 'All of these'.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not correctly matched with respect to their taxonomic classification?
    Solution
    Correct Option: D
    Explanation:
    • Mammals have few distinguishing properties, which makes them different from another phylum.
    • They have mammary glands and they can feed their young ones.
    • Camels and rats are mammals because they have mammary glands which would help them to feed.
    • Sea mouse is not a mammal rather than it is a worm.
    • They belong to phylum Annelida and got its name mouse as it contains bristle-like structures similar to a mouse.
    Hence, the option which is not correctly matched with respect to their taxonomic classification is of mammals where camel and rat are mammals but sea mouse is from phylum Annelida.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    While studying a plant, you discover that it has chlorophyll, no xylem. Its multicellular sex organs are enclosed in a layer of jacket cells. Its gametophyte Stage is free living. The plant probability belongs to ____.
    Solution
    • The life cycle of higher plants is dominated by the sporophyte stage, with the gametophyte borne on the sporophyte. 
    • In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. 
    • Pteridophytes also have their multicellular sex organs covered in the multicellular jacket layer.
    So the correct answer  is 'Pteridophyte'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Spore dispersal in mosses occurs by-
    Solution
    • In the moss capsule, dispersal of spores takes place through peristomial teeth.
    • When the mature capsule begins to dry up the thin-walled cells of the annulus break and the operculum is thrown away. 
    • Dropping off the operculum is assisted by the outward hygroscopic movement of the underlying peristomial teeth. 
    • Due to this movement, slits between the inner thin-walled peristomial teeth become wider and spores escape gradually through these slits. 
    • Elaters are elastic filaments serving to disperse spores in liverworts.
    • Elaterophores are tissues bearing elaters, found in some liverworts.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
     Identify the figures A, B, C and D and select the correct option.

    Solution
    A - Liver fluke
    B - Female roundworm (male roundworms have coiled tail part)
    C - Nereis
    D - Leech
    So, the correct answer is option D.
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