Working of Institutions Test - 11

According to Article 52 of Constitution of India, the President is the head of state of the Republic of India. The President is the formal head of the executive, legislature and judiciary of India and also the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

The Republic system of government is the type of government in which the head of the state is elected. Republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state, thus called President.

The Parliament is composed of the President of India and the houses. It is bicameral with two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.

The President can be removed from office by a procedure known as impeachment.

Impeachment is nothing but the removal of a person from the office.

A president can be impeached in the case of violation of the constitution.

A 14-day notice should be given to the President.

The house in which impeachment is initiated should pass this resolution with a majority of two-thirds of the total membership.

If the second House also passes the resolution with a two-thirds majority of the total membership of the House, then the President stands impeached from that date.

The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.

Final interpreter & guardian of Indian Constitution is the Supreme Court. It is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges; it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

All important policy decisions of the government are taken by the Prime minister and Cabinet ministers. According to Constitution of India the decision making power of the government is given to Prime minister as he is the head of government, unlike the President who is the head of the state.

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.

Minister presides over the Ministries of Government, and carries out the policy determined by the Cabinet and approved by Parliament.

Necessary information to the ministers is provided by secretaries of each ministry.

 In Indian constitution article 129 make the Supreme Court the ‘court of record”. Article 129 says: Supreme Court to be a court of record.-The Supreme Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.