Socialism In Europe & The Russian Revolution Test - 4

Bolsheviks, member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, which, led by Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power. The group originated at the party’s second congress (1903) when Lenin’s followers, insisting that party membership be restricted to professional revolutionaries, won a temporary majority on the party’s central committee and on the editorial board of its newspaper Iskra. They assumed the name Bolsheviks and dubbed their opponents the Mensheviks (“Those of the Minority”).

Russian Revolution is the collective term for a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government.

The last Tsar of Russia was Tsar Nicholas $$II$$. He was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland. Nicholas $$II$$ ruled from $$1  November  1894$$ until his enforced abdication on $$2  March  1917$$. 

Rasputin was born in a peasant family in Serbia who later took pilgrimage to a monastery and became a monk. He created social influence in Petersburg and befriended Russian rulers the Tsars. He became a healer and mentor for Tsar's son and his wife. When during First World War Nicholas II (Tsar Ruler) went to oversee Russian armies, he became very powerful in government matters. This created jealousy and enmity for him and he was finally assassinated by some noblemen in 1916 AD.

The Russian Revolution took place in 1917, during the final phase of World War I. It removed Russia from the war and brought about the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), replacing Russia's traditional monarchy with the world's first Communist state.

Karl Marx studied political economy and capitalism for his Economic and Philosophical manuscript and framed a new political economic theory scientific socialism.

Karl Marx’s wanted free access and distribution of goods and services to everyone. He believed that with this principle abundance of goods would be produced and there will be enough to satisfy everyone's needs.

In December 1904, the liberals called for political reforms and a constitution. The Czar issued a manifesto which promised many demands however crucial demands weren’t included. Upon many sympathy strikes, huge number of workers went to the Winter Palace to sign a petition but the troops fired causing about 1000 deaths. This was called as Bloody Sunday and it was the start of the Russia Revolution.