Climate Test - 14

• The south-west monsoon season is characterised by rainfall across the country and this is influenced by following aspects.
  
• Presence of orographic features like mountains and hills.
  
• Distance from the sea because monsoons arise from such water bodies.
  
• Presence of peninsular in the south which means India is surrounded by water bodies on three sides which is responsible for monsoon showers.
  
• Presence of rivers do not affect monsoon winds.
  

• Mawsynram is located in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya state. It is the wettest place on earth, with an average annual rainfall of 11,872 millimeters. It receives the highest rainfall.
  
• Mawsynram has a subtropical highland climate with an extraordinarily showery and long monsoonal season and a short dry season.
  

• Hot weather season is also referred to as summer season that lasts from March to May.
  
• Warm weather season in India is characterized by warm days and warm nights. Due to the northward movement of the sun, the global heat belt shifts northward. The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the northern part of the country.
  
• It is characterized by high temperature over the north western part, low pressure over the north-western part, development of local depressions, very high temperature over North Indian plains due to long days and distance from the sea.
  

The cold weather season in India begins during mid November in Northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months. 

During the cold season, the days are warm and nights are cold. When temperature decreases, frost is commonly experienced in Northern India.

• Snow line can be defined as an altitude above which snow presence is seen throughout the year. Snow is never melted at this range.
  
• At or near the equator, it is typically at approximately 4,500 meters. In Himalayas the permanent snow line can be as high as 5,700 metres. 
  

Among the following options Patna, Nagpur and Jaipur experience very extreme summer and winter temperatures. This is because they are far away from the sea and do not experience the moderating effect of the sea.

On the other hand, Kolkata is closer to the Bay of Bengal and experience the lowest annual temperature variation.

• Part of India that experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature is Thar Desert. This is present towards western side of India in the state of Rajasthan. 
  
• The region is filled with sand which gets heated up quickly during day and cooled up very quickly during nights.
  
• There is no sea closer to this area and hence there is no moderating effect.
  

• All the regional differences in the climate are described as monsoon climate because occurrence of rainfall and other climatic conditions are mostly dependent on the monsoons that arise from the border seas and oceans.
  
• Winds that give maximum rainfall to India are south-west monsoon which lasts from June to September.
  
• Hence, rainy season is also called as south-west monsoon season in India.
  

• Cold weather season is also called as winter. It starts in the month of mid-November in North and ends in February. December and January months are the coldest months.
  
• This season is characterised by cold days and cold nights. North India experience very cold temperatures as there is no sea to provide moderating effect.
  
• Clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity, and feeble and variable winds are the characteristics of this season.
  

• Cold weather season is also called as winter. It starts in the month of November and ends in February. December and January months are the coldest months.
  
• This season is characterised by cold days and cold nights.
  
• Clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity, and feeble and variable winds are the characteristics of this season.