Physical World and Measurement Test - 4

Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets rotating around it in circular paths modified by epicycles and at uniform speeds.

This theory was replaced by Keplar. All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus. This is one of Kepler's laws. The elliptical shape of the orbit is a result of the inverse square force of gravity. The eccentricity of the ellipse is greatly exaggerated here.

Yes, urgently Without an extended evolutionary framework, the theory neglects key processes, say Kevin Laland and colleagues. Charles Darwin conceived of evolution by natural selection without knowing that genes exist. Now mainstream evolutionary theory has come to focus almost exclusively on genetic inheritance and processes that change gene frequencies.

Carl David Anderson discovered the positron on August 2, 1932, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1936. ... The positron was the first evidence of antimatter and was discovered when Anderson allowed cosmic rays to pass through a cloud chamber and a lead plate.

If light were strictly a wave, the energy in the light would be represented by the amplitude of the light wave. A more intense light source, even if it was light of a lower frequency, would have enough energy to knock electrons away from their molecular orbits, which is necessary to generate a photoelectric current. What actuall occurs is that light below a certain threshold frequency does not generate any current, no matter how intense the light is. Even though the total light energy hitting the photoelectric cell may be high, it cannot free electrons.

When science progressed into the realm of the microscopic, of dimensions the size of an atom, i.e. less than a nanometer, it was observed that newtonian mechanics and classical electrodynamics were in contradiction with experiments, could not explain them.

At the microscopic level, forces don't have a meaning, because nothing touches directly anything else. There are intermediate force carriers of what is perceived as "force" macroscopically.

The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.

The phrase "scientia potentia est" (or "scientia est potentia" or also "scientia potestas est") is a Latin aphorism meaning "knowledge is power"

Quantum mechanics is a physical science dealing with the behaviour of matter and energy on the scale of atoms and subatomic particles / waves.

Classical physics is the study of motion, projectiles, pulleys, and the planets. It mainly deals with the movement of large objects (macroscopic) through space at a relatively low slow speeds.

Classical physics deals with the mechanics of an object’s motion in response to a force. Because of this, classical physics is often referred to simply as mechanics or kinematics.

Physics, the study of matter and energy, is an ancient and broad field of science. The word 'physics' comes from the Greek 'knowledge of nature,' and in general, the field aims to analyze and understand the natural phenomena of the universe.

Reductionism is breaking down of a complex system in to simple constituent systems to so that laws of physics can be applied on these systems and we can understand the working of the complex system.

The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where? For a science fair project some teachers require that the question be something you can measure, preferably with a number. Add image of question 16686

Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test.

You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.

You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first results weren't just an accident.