Plant and Animal Tissues Test - 2

Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root. The girth of the stem or root increases due to lateral meristem (cambium). Intercalary meristem is the meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes (on either side of the node) on twigs.

Epithelial tissues help in protection, secretion and sensory perception. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. Epithelial layers contain no blood vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane. Epithelial tissues do not provide support. 

Vascular tissues are permanent tissues with a complex make up. So, they can be easily described as Complex Permanent tissues. Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a common function. Xylem and phloem are examples of such complex tissues. They are both conducting tissues and constitute a vascular bundle.

In vascular tissues, xylem and phloem run throughout the plant and are involved in transport of materials within the plant. Xylem and Phloem tissues are present throughout the plant. They begin at the root and then move up to the stem, branches, and leaves. The xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves whereas the phloem tissue transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.

Tendons are dense connective tissues containing only fibroblasts and collagen fibres. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints.

Permanent tissues are made up of cells that do not divide. They are classified into three types- dermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue. Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant, and vascular tissue transports water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant. Ground tissue serves as a site for photosynthesis, provides a supporting matrix for the vascular tissue, and helps to store water and sugars.

Parenchyma cells are thin walled, round or oval shaped, contain leucoplasts and store food.

They are present in the stem, leaves and flowers of the plant. Parenchymas are thin-walled round or oval shaped cells having spaces between them. It is present in stem,

leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Most of them contain leucoplast and store food. Chloroplast containing parenchyma is called chlorenchyma and deal with photosynthesis.

Adipose tissue stores energy in the form of fats. Adipose tissue, or fat, is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body.

Leucocytes or white blood cells protect the body from diseases. White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system.

Heart muscle is a type of muscular tissue and not connective tissue. Cardiac and skeletal muscles are "striated" in that they contain sarcomeres and are packed into highly regular arrangements of bundles; smooth muscle has neither. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles (called intercalated discs).