Plant and Animal Tissues Test - 7

A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells, found in zones of the plant, where growth can take place. Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. 

So, meristems are dividing cells and not permanent cells as, they differentiate to give various organs

So, the correct answer is 'Dividing cells'.

Debove's membrane is a delicate layer of connective tissue cells between the epithelium and basement tissue of respiratory and intestinal tissues.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Layer of Connective tissue'.

Grasses have intercalary meristems located along the stems near the nodes. Cell divisions in this tissue push the stem upward.  So the correct option is 'primary meristem’. Apical meristems are also known as primary meristems because they give rise to the primary plant body. Plants, especially grasses, are the intercalary meristem. These cells possess the ability to divide and produce new cells, as do apical and lateral meristems.

Cambium is a kind of meristem which is most active in woody plants and it lies between the bark and wood of the stem. The vascular cambium forms tissues that carry water and nutrients throughout the plant. On the outer surface, the vascular cambium forms new layers of phloem, and on the inner surface, new layers of xylem. The cork cambium creates cells that eventually become bark on the outside and cells that add to the cortex on the inside. In woody plants, the cork cambium is part of the periderm. So, the correct answer is "both vascular and cork cambium".

It has been generally accepted that xylem transports water and minerals and phloem tissue transports prepared sugars. Hence, photosynthates like sugars will be present in phloem in higher concentration; consequently, xylem sap will be less concentrated and watery as compared to phloem sap.

So, the correct answer is option B.

The apical meristem, also known as the "growing tip" is an undifferentiated meristematic tissue found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants. Its main function is to trigger the growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots and forming buds.

So, the correct option is 'Meristematic tissue'.

Water passage from root hair xylem and then to other parts is unidirectional (unidirectional upwards in xylem). The direction of movement of organic solutes in phloem can be upwards or downwards i.e., bi-directional.

Diffusion Pressure Deficit (DPD) is also called as suction pressure. In a system water moves along the DPD (or suction pressure) gradient. Water always moves from a region of lower DPD to a region of higher DPD. In a plant, water moves from soil to root hairs to the cortex to xylem to leaf mesophyll to the atmosphere. This journey of water occurs along the DPD gradient.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Thick fibers of muscle and connective tissue attach the pharynx to the base of the skull. So the correct option is ' connective tissue'. The rostral part of the tonsil consists of a continuous layer of lymphoid cells separated from the respiratory epithelium by a thin layer of connective tissue. The prominent pharyngeal tonsil is located dorsally in the nasopharynx on the caudal part of the pharyngeal septum.

Dermis or corium is the inner part of skin mainly composed of connective tissue. It is mesodermal in origin. Dermis is derived embryologically from dermatome. Dermis is 2 to 3 times thicker than epidermis. In the structure of dermis there are two parts -
(1) Outer part: Pars papillaris.
(2) Inner part: Pars reticularis.

Collenchymas cell walls are thickened due to deposition of pectin. Collenchyma is the primary supporting tissue in stems, leaves and floral parts of dicots. Hence, climbing plants have collenchyma, which provides support during climbing.

Phloem and sieve tubes are responsible for translocation of sugars in the plant. They are living cells. Movement of water and minerals is a physical process and does not require living cells. Xylem cells are nonliving and transport of water and minerals is a physical process, not a physiological process. Salts and water are transported through xylem tissue in vascular plants. These are composed of vessels, tracheids, parenchyma, and fibers.

So, the correct answer is option A.

In vascular plants, water and minerals are transported through xylem tissue, whereas sugars are translocated through phloem tissue. If xylem is blocked the aerial parts of the plant will not get sufficient water and the plant will show wilting.

So, the correct answer is option A.

The plants have two main types of tissue for the movement of water, minerals and organic products. They are the xylem and phloem. While phloem is responsible for transport of organic products required for photosynthesis, the xylem transports water and minerals from the soil to the parts of the plants.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.