Plant and Animal Tissues Test - 8

Fascia, a band of connective tissue connects the body from the soles of the feet to the meninges that surround the brain. Made of collagen, elastin fibres and cellular elements, this cannot be differentiated from the muscles but separates the muscles from the internal organs. Fascia is classified as superficial, deep and parietal. Septa or the intermuscular space and connects the inner layer of the skin, the dermis, to the superficial fascia just beneath the fat. This is made up of areolar connective tissue. So, the correct answer is option D.

A syncytium is a multinucleated mass of cytoplasm that is not separated into individual cells.
Example: Formation of skeletal muscle. Large skeletal muscle fibers formed by the fusion of thousands of individual muscle cells.
Cardiac muscle's syncytium is important because it allows rapid coordinated contraction of muscles along their entire length.
Smooth muscles, however, are not syncytial.
So, the correct answer is 'Smooth muscle'

Areolar tissue is loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue, that consists of collagenous and elastic fibres and also a protein, which is polysaccharide in nature and connective tissue cells. It is strong enough to bind different tissue types together, yet soft enough to provide flexibility and cushioning. Macrophage, plasma cell and adipose cell all are areolar tissues except Schwann cell, which is a nervous tissue made up of glial cells

So, the correct answer is 'Schwann cell'.

Thee areolar tissue, a loose connective tissue adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells etc. These cells are embedded in an abundance of extracellular matrix that consists of protein fibres and ground substance. The protein fibres are of three types - collagen, elastin, reticulate. The ground substance mainly consists of water, organic molecules, complexes of carbohydrates and proteins.

So, the correct answer is 'Areolar tissue'.

Contraction or relaxation of the urinary bladder is not under control of the conscious will. As and when urine is formed, it is stored in the urinary bladder and its muscles are stretched. Involuntary muscles are unstriated or smooth muscles.

The fibroblasts are the cells of the connective tissue. These are the cells which produce the fibres like collagen and the extracellular matrix. These cells produce the cytoplasmic extensions which are called as pseudopodia. And helps in the spreading of the cells. These structures also help in the attachment of the fibroblast cells to other types of cells

So, the correct answer is 'Fibroblast cell'.

Areolar connective tissue, consists majorly of collagen fibres and small amounts of elastin and reticulate fibres, that provides both strength and elasticity, with abundant supply of blood vessel, it is loose connective tissue that is also known as the packaging tissue as it helps in binding or keeping together different tissues or organs like the integument and the muscles.

So, the correct answer is ' integument with muscles'.

Tunica media is the middle, thickest layer of blood vessels and is made up of yellow (elastin) fibres and involuntary or unstriped or smooth muscle fibres. Tunica externa is rich in collagen fibres but has less elastin fibres, while tunica interna is made up of a single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) and yellow elastin fibres. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Areolar tissue is a connective tissue that fills the gap between the internal organs and supports them.

It is also found in or on mucous membranes and around blood vessels, nerves and the organs of the body.

It is a loose connective tissue that holds the organs in place. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

A biological process displaying an entrainable endogenous oscillation of approximately 24 hours is termed as a circadian rhythm. It is basically an internal clock oscillating at 24 hours. Behavioral cycles tend to repeat themselves after almost 24 hours; hence, they are an example of circadian rhythms.

So, the correct answer is 'Behavioral cycles'.

The two main types of cells of the nervous system are neurons/nerve cells and neuroglia. The main function of neurons is to receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment by sensory nerves and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing and finally transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).

Neuroglia/glial cells support and nourish the nerve cells, destroy pathogen and modulate the impulse transmission.  

The nephron is the anatomical and functional unit of kidney and thus is the part of the excretory system. 

Companion cells are the component of phloem in flowering plants and regulate loading and unloading of sugars into sieve tube elements for translocation. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Mucoid connective tissue forms a compliant cushion around the vessels of the umbilical cord (where it is also called as Wharton's jelly). The tissue fills the space between the vessels and the simple squamous epithelium lining its surface. Mature connective tissue cell, chondrocyte is present in the umbilical cord. The extracellular component of embryonic tissue contains a sparse arrangement of reticular fibres and abundant ground substance.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Mast cells play an important role during allergic inflammation. They contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. It acts as an anticoagulant and it is used to dissolve a blood clot. It is coated by IgE and it releases histamine when an allergen binds to the IgE which creates the allergic response.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Cardiac sphincter muscle lies at the lower end of the oesophagus. It is a circular band of smooth muscles that ensure unidirectional flow of undigested food. It is involuntary in nature and controlled by the autonomic nervous system. 

So, the correct answer is 'Circular band of Smooth muscles'.

Connective tissues are the tissues which connect the different parts of the body and provide the framework to the body. Connective tissue is made up of individual cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix. The cells of connective tissue are fibroblast. The matrix is made up of ground substance and fibres such as collagen and elastic fibres which are secreted by the fibroblast cells. So, the correct answer is option B.