Photosynthesis and Respiration Test - 8

Photolysis of water is followed by transfer of its electrons to a zig-zag scheme of photosynthesis and drives formation of ATP during light reactions. Cellular respiration includes oxidation of glucose molecule and the released energy is stored in form of ATP at various steps. GTP is not produced during light reactions of photosynthesis but is produced in Kreb cycle of aerobic cellular respiration. Oxygen is a byproduct of light reactions but is consumed during electron transport chain of cellular respiration. Dark reactions of photosynthesis use carbon dioxide.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Plants are known as purifiers of air because they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. The balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere is maintained by respiration and photosynthesis. The excess of carbon dioxide may lead to evils like global warming.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Photosynthesis provides most of the oxygen found in the earth's atmosphere. During the light reaction of the photosynthesis, water molecules split in the presence of light and releases protons, electrons and oxygen molecules. This process of splitting of water molecules is known as photolysis.

So, the correct answer is option A.

The Emerson effect is the increase in the rate of photosynthesis after chloroplasts are exposed to the light of wavelength 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and more than 680 nm (far red spectrum). The effect was early evidence that two photosystems, processing different wavelengths, cooperate in photosynthesis.

Phycobilins function as light-harvesting pigments in most species of cyanobacteria and red algae. They act as light-absorbing pigments for photosynthesis and are capable of absorbing light in the green and orange region of visible light where chlorophyll absorbs poorly.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Absorb and transfer energy to chlorophyll'.

Photosynthesis takes place during day time when there is ample sunlight. During this process, the green tissue of the plants exposed to light makes glucose in the presence of chlorophyll pigment, water and carbon dioxide. During this process, oxygen is released. 

The process of water dissociation during photosynthesis is called as photo-oxidation of water. It produces oxygen as a waste product. It takes place during the light reaction of photosynthesis.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrates and are synthesized by humans, animals and plants for structural support, for food storage or for energy metabolism. Carbohydrates are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The carbohydrate group includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. Starch is the usual form in which carbohydrates are stored as energy by plants. 

So, the correct option is 'Starch'.

Protists that are capable of photosynthesis include various types of algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and Euglena. These organisms are often unicellular but can form colonies. So the correct option is ' photosynthetic protists'.

Plants take up carbon dioxide as raw material along with water for the synthesis of glucose during photosynthesis. 

It plays a role in breaking down the water molecule to release hydrogen an oxygen as a by-product.

The carbon dioxide itself gets reduced to hexose sugar glucose.

So, the correct option is 'Photosynthesis'

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecule from smaller units. In the case of photosynthesis, smaller molecules are used to make larger glucose units. In photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose in presence of light.

Photophosphorylation takes place which mainly helps in the formation of ATP from ADP. It is also counted as an anabolic pathway.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Sugars are synthesized in green leaves in the process of photosynthesis but are used not only in leaves but elsewhere also like endosperm, cotyledon, roots etc. This requires sugars to be moved to a different location or 'trans location'. The process of transferring sugar to different parts of plants from leaves is called translocation. 

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, into chemical energy. It takes place by two steps light reaction and dark reaction. Light reaction synthesizes ATP and NADPH22 which is utilized for fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates during dark reaction.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Oxygen is produced by photolysis of water. This photolysis of water is brought about by the light, usually sunlight. Photolysis is a part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The electrons released during the photolysis is picked up by the photosystem I during light reaction.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process happening in green plants during which plant body synthesizes its own food material by taking carbon dioxide from atmosphere and water from the soil in presence of sunlight. It proceeds in the sequence of light phase and dark phase. Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and another green part of plants like stem etc. Chlorophyll and sunlight are the essential factors for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and then this light energy is converted into chemical energy. The food formed by the process of photosynthesis is glucose. CO₂ which is taken by the plants is released by humans as the by-product of respiration and O₂ released by plants is taken by humans for respiration. O₂ is the by-product of photosynthesis. It is liberated by oxidation of water.