Matter and Its Composition Test - 5

Atoms are the particles which make up matter, and science states that everything known in this universe are made up of these particles called atoms and these are further made up of sub atomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. Matter is mostly made of Proton and Neutrons.

Therefore, option b is correct.

In 1827, Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist, prepared a slide by adding a drop of water to pollen grains. As he watched the tiny particles of pollen under his microscope, Brown noticed that they were constantly jiggling about.

Therefore, option (a) is correct.

solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. The molecules in a solid are in fixed positions and are close together. Although the molecules can still vibrate, they cannot move from one part of the solid to another part. As a result, a solid does not easily change its shape or its volume.

Therefore, option c is correct.

The particles of matter may contract sometimes or expands sometimes during the changes of matter. The particles when they are changing from one state to other the energy might liberate or even absorbed. The particles can even lose or gain the mass in a very little way.

Therefore, option (d) is correct.

This element is solid. Gold is classified as a "Transition Metal" which are located in Groups 3 - 12 of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Transition Metals are generally described as ductile, malleable, and able to conduct electricity and heat.

Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Latent heat also called the heat of vaporization, is the amount of energy necessary to change a liquid to a vapor at constant temperature and pressure.

Therefore, option (a) is correct

The important characteristics of particles of matter are the following:

•The particles of matter are very, very small.

•The particles of matter have space between them.

•The particles of matter are constantly moving.

•The particles of matter attract each other.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Spreading of a droplet of ink in water is an example of diffusion. The molecules of water collide with that of ink leading to its spreading in a beaker of water. This mainly occurs through the process of diffusion that governs the inter-mixing.

Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Evaporation is the process by which common salt is obtained from seawater. When the seawater is heated or evaporated, the stuff of salt is left behind. Artificial setups are made so that salt can be collected and transported for commercial or industrial purposes.

Therefore, option c is correct.

Liquid to gas phase transitions is known as "vaporization." Liquid to solid phase transitions is known as "freezing.

Therefore, option (d) is correct.

Dalton developed an atomic theory that is still mostly accepted today. It is one of the most important theories in all of science. Dalton thought individual atoms were solid, hard spheres, so he modeled them with wooden balls.

Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Crystallization is better than evaporation because during Evaporation Some solids decompose or some, like sugar, may get charred on heating to dryness. Some impurities may remain dissolved in the solution even after filtration which on evaporation contaminates the solid.

Therefore, option c is correct.

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It happens in liquids and gases because their particles move randomly from place to place. It is an important process for living things; it is how substances move in and out of cells.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Two or more dissolved solids present in a solution in very small amounts can be separated and identified by chromatography. Though these substances are soluble in the same solvent, yet their solubility may different.

Therefore, option (c) is correct.

Separating immiscible liquids is done simply using a separating funnel. The two liquids are put into the funnel and are left for a short time to settle out and form two layers. The tap of the funnel is opened and the bottom liquid is allowed to run. The two liquids are now separate.

Therefore, option (a) is correct.