Matter and Its Composition Test - 7

The kinetic theory of gases describes a gas as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Distillation is the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid. It's based on the different boiling point or volatility values of the components. The technique may be used to separate components of a mixture or to aid in purification.

Therefore, option a is correct.

Molecular motion for the particles in a solid is confined to very small vibrations of the atoms around their fixed positions; therefore, solids have a fixed shape that is difficult to change.

Therefore, option a is correct.

As the liquid cools, it loses thermal energy. As a result, its particles slow down and come closer together. Attractive forces begin to trap particles, and the crystals of a solid begin to form.

Therefore, option d is correct.

All liquids show the following characteristics:

1.Liquids are almost incompressible. In liquids molecules are pretty close to each other.

2.Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.

3.Liquids flow from higher to lower level.

4.Liquids have their boiling points above room temperature, under normal conditions.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Changes of state are physical changes. They occur when matter absorbs or loses energy. Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and melting. Processes in which matter changes between liquid and gaseous states are vaporization, evaporation, and condensation.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Particles move randomly in a gaseous state. Here nitrogen is the only substance which is in a gaseous state.

Snow and hail is a solid, sleet has solids within a liquid mass, and rain is liquid. Snow is water that crystallizes when the temperature gets below freezing. Sleet is when the temperature freezes, but then as it falls from the clouds it partially melts. Clouds actually contain 2 states of matter, solid and gas.

Therefore, option a is correct.

Antoine Lavoisier is considered the father of modern chemistry. He was a French nobleman who recognized and named oxygen and isolated the major components of air. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier is known as "the father of modern chemistry."

Therefore, option b is correct.

liquids don't have a definite shape, and they can flow. Because the particles are still packed close together, liquids can't easily be compressed and keep the same volume.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Non-matter includes the light from a torch, the heat from a fire, and the sound of a police siren. You cannot hold, taste, or smell these things. They are not types of matter, but forms of energy. Everything that exists can be classed as either a type of matter or a form of energy.

Therefore, option d is correct.

Condensation is the process in which molecules of a gas slow down, come together, and form a liquid. When gas molecules transfer their energy to something cooler, they slow down and their attractions cause them to bond to become a liquid. Making water vapor colder increases the rate of condensation.

Therefore, option c is correct.

The change of liquid into solid because of decrease in temperature is called freezing. Water change into ice because of decrease in temperature, in other words water freezes into ice because of decrease in temperature.

Therefore, option c is correct.

John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour.

Therefore, option a is correct.

Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure. It is a fundamental part of the water cycle and is constantly occurring throughout nature.

Therefore, option d is correct.