World Knowledge Test-2

SAARC Decade Observance:
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) observed a decade from 1991 to 2000. During this period, SAARC focused on various aspects of development and welfare. The specific area of focus during this decade was the observance of the Girl Child .
Reason for Observance:
The observance of the Girl Child by SAARC aimed to address the challenges and issues faced by girls in the South Asian region. It recognized the importance of empowering girls and ensuring their rights and well-being.
Key Initiatives:
During the SAARC Decade Observance, several initiatives were undertaken to promote the welfare of the Girl Child. These initiatives included:
1. Education: Efforts were made to enhance access to quality education for girls and eliminate gender disparities in education.
2. Healthcare: Focus was given to improving healthcare services for girls, including access to reproductive health services and nutrition.
3. Protection: Measures were taken to protect girls from various forms of violence, discrimination, and exploitation.
4. Legal Reforms: Advocacy for legal reforms and policies to safeguard the rights of the Girl Child was a key aspect of the observance.
5. Empowerment: Efforts were made to empower girls by promoting their active participation in decision-making processes and providing opportunities for skill development.
Impact:
The observance of the Girl Child by SAARC during the 1991-2000 decade had a significant impact in raising awareness about the rights and well-being of girls in the South Asian region. It led to increased attention and investment in areas such as education, healthcare, and protection for girls.
Overall, the observance of the Girl Child by SAARC during this decade was a crucial step towards achieving gender equality and promoting the holistic development of girls in South Asia.

The headquarters of Food and Agriculture Organisation is in Rome.
Explanation:
The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its headquarters is located in Rome, Italy. Here are some key points to support this answer:
- The FAO was established on October 16, 1945, and its headquarters have been based in Rome since its inception.
- Rome is home to several United Nations agencies, including the FAO, the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
- The FAO headquarters in Rome serve as the central hub for coordinating global initiatives, policies, and programs related to food and agriculture.
- The location of the headquarters in Rome allows for close collaboration with other international organizations and institutions based in the city, facilitating partnerships and knowledge sharing in the field of agriculture and food security.
In conclusion, the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organisation is situated in Rome, Italy.

To determine which country is not a member of Group 15 developing countries, we need to identify the countries that are part of this group and then compare them with the given options.
Here is a breakdown of the countries that are members of Group 15 developing countries:
1. Algeria
2. Argentina
3. Brazil
4. Chile
5. Egypt
6. India
7. Indonesia
8. Iran
9. Jamaica
10. Kenya
11. Malaysia
12. Mexico
13. Nigeria
14. Peru
15. Venezuela
Now, let's compare the given options with the list of Group 15 developing countries:
A: Mexico - Mexico is a member of Group 15 developing countries.
B: Malaysia - Malaysia is a member of Group 15 developing countries.
C: Brazil - Brazil is a member of Group 15 developing countries.
D: Bolivia - Bolivia is not a member of Group 15 developing countries.
Therefore, the country that is not a member of Group 15 developing countries is Bolivia.

Disarmament:

Disarmament refers to the reduction or elimination of military weapons, particularly those of mass destruction, such as nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. It is an important aspect of international peace and security.

Options:

A: SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

• SALT refers to a series of negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.


• The aim of SALT was to limit the number of strategic nuclear weapons possessed by both countries.


• Therefore, SALT is related to disarmament.

B: NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)

• NPT is an international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons.


• It promotes disarmament by encouraging countries to reduce their nuclear arsenals and work towards complete disarmament.


• Therefore, NPT is related to disarmament.

C: CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty)

• CTBT is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, including both civilian and military purposes.


• It contributes to disarmament by prohibiting nuclear testing, which is crucial for the development of new and advanced nuclear weapons.


• Therefore, CTBT is related to disarmament.

D: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

• NATO is a political and military alliance formed by North American and European countries.


• Its primary purpose is to ensure the collective defense of its member states.


• While NATO promotes security and cooperation among its members, it is not directly related to disarmament.


• Therefore, NATO is the correct answer as it is not related to disarmament.

In conclusion, the option not related to disarmament is D: NATO .

Explanation:
The Group of Seven (G-7) is an international organization consisting of seven economically advanced countries. Here are the correct descriptions of the G-7 countries:
B: They are industrialized countries:
- The G-7 countries are considered to be among the most advanced and industrialized nations in the world.
- They have highly developed economies and are known for their technological advancements.
C: They are not holding Atomic Bomb technology:
- While some G-7 countries may possess nuclear weapons, it is important to note that not all G-7 nations have atomic bomb technology.
- Countries like Canada, Germany, and Japan do not possess nuclear weapons.
D: They are countries who can launch their own satellites:
- All G-7 countries have the capability to launch their own satellites and have active space programs.
- Countries like the United States, Russia, and Canada have a long history of space exploration.
Therefore, the correct description of the G-7 countries is that they are industrialized countries.

The International Human Rights Convention adopted by the United Nations in 1990 relates to children.
Explanation:
The International Human Rights Convention adopted by the United Nations in 1990, also known as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), specifically focuses on the rights and well-being of children. It is a legally binding international agreement that sets out the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of every child, regardless of their nationality or background.
Key Points:
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on November 20, 1989, and entered into force on September 2, 1990.
- It is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history, with almost every country in the world being a party to it.
- The Convention recognizes that children are entitled to special care and protection and that they should grow up in a safe and nurturing environment.
- It sets out the fundamental rights of children, including the right to life, survival, development, protection from violence, access to education, and participation in decisions that affect them.
- The Convention also emphasizes the importance of family, stating that children should have the right to live with their parents and be cared for by them, except in cases where it is not in their best interests.
- Governments that have ratified the Convention are required to take all necessary measures to ensure that children's rights are respected, protected, and fulfilled.
- The Convention has had a significant impact on improving the lives of children worldwide, but challenges still exist in implementing and enforcing its provisions.
Therefore, the International Human Rights Convention adopted by the United Nations in 1990 primarily relates to the rights and well-being of children.

First Indian President of UN General Assembly
The first Indian to be President of the UN General Assembly was Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit.
Explanation:
Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit served as the President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1953. She was the first woman to hold this prestigious position. Here is some information about her:
- Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit was an Indian diplomat and politician.
- She was born in 1900 and belonged to the prominent Nehru-Gandhi family.
- She played a significant role in India's struggle for independence and was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress.
- Mrs. Pandit served as India's ambassador to the United States and later as the High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.
- In 1953, she was elected as the President of the UN General Assembly, becoming the first Indian and the first woman to hold this position.
- During her tenure, she focused on issues such as disarmament, decolonization, and the promotion of human rights.
In conclusion, Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit was the first Indian to be President of the UN General Assembly. Her appointment was a significant milestone for both India and women in international diplomacy.

Former Republics of USSR that have become members of the Commonwealth of Independent States:
There are 11 former republics of the USSR that have become members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. These republics are:
1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Belarus
4. Estonia
5. Georgia
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyzstan
8. Latvia
9. Lithuania
10. Moldova
11. Russia
These republics, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to maintain economic and political cooperation. The CIS serves as a loose alliance of sovereign states, promoting collaboration in various fields such as defense, economics, and culture.
The CIS provides a platform for member states to discuss and address common challenges and interests. It facilitates trade and economic integration among member countries through agreements and initiatives. Additionally, the CIS promotes cultural and humanitarian cooperation, aiming to strengthen ties and mutual understanding among its members.
The inclusion of these 11 former republics of the USSR in the CIS reflects the shared history and interconnectedness of the region. While each member state maintains its sovereignty, the CIS serves as a forum for cooperation and coordination among these countries.

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are:

• China


• France


• Russia (formerly known as the USSR)


• United Kingdom


• United States

Detailed
The UN Security Council is composed of 15 members, with five of them being permanent members. These permanent members hold veto power, which means they can block any resolution from being adopted by the Council. The five permanent members are:
1. China: China is one of the founding members of the United Nations and has been a permanent member of the Security Council since its inception in 1945. It is the most populous country in the world and plays a crucial role in global affairs.
2. France: France is another founding member of the United Nations and has been a permanent member of the Security Council since its establishment. It is known for its diplomatic influence and is one of the major powers in Europe.
3. Russia (formerly known as the USSR): Russia inherited the permanent seat at the Security Council from the Soviet Union (USSR) after its dissolution in 1991. The USSR was one of the original permanent members and played a significant role during the Cold War era.
4. United Kingdom: The United Kingdom has been a permanent member of the Security Council since the establishment of the United Nations. As a former colonial power and one of the major global powers, the UK has significant influence in international affairs.
5. United States: The United States is also a founding member of the United Nations and has been a permanent member of the Security Council since its inception. It is considered the most powerful country in the world and has a significant role in shaping global policies.
These five permanent members, often referred to as the P5, have the ability to veto resolutions, which gives them substantial influence over the decisions made by the Security Council. They have a responsibility to maintain international peace and security and work together to address global challenges.

Formation of the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)
The South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was formed on December 8, 1985. It is an intergovernmental organization that promotes regional cooperation and integration among the South Asian countries. Here is a detailed explanation of the formation of SAARC:
Background:
- The idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was first proposed by Bangladesh's President Ziaur Rahman in 1980.
- The proposal gained support from the leaders of other South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives.
- The main objective of SAARC is to promote economic and social development in the region through cooperation and collaboration.
Formation:
- The South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was officially established on December 8, 1985, when the SAARC Charter was adopted by the member countries.
- The member countries signed the SAARC Charter during the first SAARC Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- The Charter outlines the objectives, principles, and organizational structure of SAARC.
Member Countries:
- SAARC initially had seven member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
- Afghanistan became the eighth member of SAARC in 2007.
Objectives:
- SAARC aims to promote the welfare and improve the quality of life of the people of South Asia.
- It seeks to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region.
- SAARC also aims to provide support and assistance to each other in areas such as agriculture, health, education, and science and technology.
Structure:
- The highest decision-making body of SAARC is the Summit, which is held annually and attended by the heads of state or government of the member countries.
- SAARC has a Secretariat based in Kathmandu, Nepal, which serves as the administrative and coordinating body of the organization.
- The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the member countries for a three-year term.
Conclusion:
The South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was formed in 1985 with the aim of promoting regional cooperation and integration among the South Asian countries. Since its formation, SAARC has been working towards achieving its objectives of economic and social development in the region through cooperation and collaboration among its member countries.