Major Field Crops Test - 1

 Key Points Pusa Basmati - 1 

• World's first high yielding dwarf variety hybrid of basmati quality rice.

• The local name is Muchal Basmati, because of its long pinpoint on tip of every grain. 
• Developed by Convergent breeding in IARI.

Important Points

• The first dwarf variety of rice developed in the world is TN-1, in 1964.
• The first high-yielding dwarf variety of rice developed in the world is IR-8, in 1966. It is a cross between Peta and Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen.

Additional Information

The correct answer is To estimate yield.

Key Points

• The Crop Cutting Experiments used To estimate yield.
• For more precise information, regarding crop yield, the method of Crop Cutting Experiments CCE is coming to the rescue of authorities.
  • With this methodology, the government and agricultural bodies can get an approximation of the yield of a crop and a region during its cultivation cycle.
  • This method is gaining popularity and is known by different names in different areas.
  • There is a traditional CCE method too.
  • The basis of the traditional one is the yield component method in which specific locations get chosen and random samples get selected for study from the whole area.
  • After the plot selection, the harvest from that area gets evaluated on different parameters like grain weight, biomass weight, moisture, and other relevant factors.
  • Based on the data collection, it is generalized for the entire region, and an approximate estimate gets derived from the yield of the state or region.

The correct answer is both statements A and B are correct.

Explanation:

Pitting in pulses:

• Pitting is an important operation in pulse milling operation.
• General operations of dry milling method in pulses are cleaning and grading, rolling or pitting, oiling, moistening, drying and milling.
• The clean pulses are passed through an emery roller machine and the husk of pulses is cracked and scratched in this pitting operation.
• Pitting is done to facilitate the subsequent oil penetration process for the loosening of husk.
• As the material is passed through the clearance in roller cracking and scratching of husk takes place by friction between pulses and emery.
• Few pulses are dehusked and split during this operations which are then separated by sieving.

Tempering  in wheat:

Tempering  Conditioning

• Tempering refers to the addition of water to the bran and endosperm.
• With the addition of water the bran becomes tough and rubbery while the endosperm becomes less vitreous and this improves milling efficiency.
• Tempering involves adding water to raise the moisture to 15 to 19 % for hard wheat and 14.5 to 17.5 hours.
• During this time, the water enters the bran and diffuses inward causing the bran to loose its friable characteristics and to become leathery in textures.

Concept:

While growing a crop, the steps followed are:

Explanation:

Onion cultivation:

• The right amount of seeds are dropped at a regular distance.
• It should be done carefully so as not to drop too many seeds in one place.
• After 20 days of sowing the seeds, they begin to sprout.
• Weeds start to appear along with the onion plants.
• Weeds need to be removed so that they do not take up all the water and fertilisers.
• If there are too many weeds, then the onion plants will not be healthy.
• The plants grow tall.
• The leaves start turning yellow and drying up.
• This means that the onions are ready to be taken out.
• The onions are now taken out.
• It is important that this should be done at the right time.
• If late, the onions will rot in the ground itself and all the hard work will be wasted.
• The dried leaves from the top of the onions are cut.
• The sacks are filled with onions and taken in a truck to sell in the big market.

Thus, the correct way of doing it -

(B) Digging to loosen the soil

(C) Sowing of seeds

(A) Weeding

(E) Plucking the out.

(D) Cutting the dried leaves from the top of onion

Hence, the correct sequence is (B), (C), (A), (E), (D)

The correct answer is Viticulture.

Explanation:

• Viticulture is the study of cultivation and harvesting of grapes.
• Viticulture is also referred as “Wine Growing”.
• Viticulture is a Latin word derived from words viti and vultra; viti means vine and cultra means cultivation.
• Viticulture is a speciality in mediterrean region.
• The grapes from this region are of best quality with distinctive flavours.
• The inferior grapes from this region are dried into raisins and currants.

Additional Information

the correct answer is Full ripe stage.

• Fruits are fully riped and soft having dark red colour.
• Such fruits are used for processing.
• Fruits are normally harvested early in the morning or evening.
• Since all the fruits do not mature at the same time, they are harvested at an interval of 4 days.
• Generally there will be 7 - 11 harvests in a crop life span.

There are three main cropping seasons in India – Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid.

Key Points

Hence the correct answer is Castor.

Additional Information

Rabi Crops

• Sowing between October and November
• Harvest – February to April
• A.k.a Winter Season Crops
• Need cold weather for growth
• Need less water

Kharif Crops

• July – October
• Harvest – September to October
• A.k.a Monsoon Crops
• Such crops require a lot of water

Zaid Crops

• Sowing between March and June (between Kharif and Rabi)
• Requires warm & dry weather for growth and a longer day-length for flowering.

The correct answer is 1 and 3.

Important Points

• India has three cropping seasons - Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid.
• Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
• Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.
• Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
• Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jawar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, and soyabean.
  • Groundnut and maize are Kharif crops. So, statements 2 and 4 are NOT correct.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

• Paddy exhibits dormancy which varies for duration of 0-30 to 45 days depending on the variety.
• This could be broken by either soaking in KNO₃ 0.5 % for 16 hr or soaking in 0.1N HNO₃ for 16 hrs.
• However the duration and concentration vary with varieties.
• Example: ADT36 exhibit 20-30 days of dormancy period from days to physiological maturity period which could be broken by soaking the seeds in 0.5%KNO₃ for 16 hrs.
• Practically the intervening duration between the harvesting and threshing and further drying will remove the dormancy.

The correct answer is Statement A is wrong and Statement B is correct.

Explanation:

• The standard size of a 100 kg bag is 100 cm x 60 cm x 30 cm i.e. length of the bag is 100 cm, the width of the bag is 60 cm, and the height of the filled bag is 30 cm. A standard bag can store 93 Kg of Wheat and 75 Kg of Paddy.
• kothar type storage structure has a capacity varying between 9 to 35 tonnes.

Additional Information

Bag Type Storage: 

• Bag Type Storage structures can store 25 to 500 tonnes of grain.
• The length of the bag is about twice the width or greater than that.
• Generally, bags of different capacities (35, 50, 75, and 100 kg) with or without inside plastic lining are used.

Fig. Bag type storage structure

Kothar type storage structure:

• Kothar type storage structure is used to store paddy, maize, sorghum, wheat, etc.
• Kothar type storage structure capacity is about 9 to 35 tonnes.
• Kothar type storage structure is box-like made of wood and raised on pillars.
• The floor and walls of a kothar-type storage structure are made of wooden planks whereas the thatched or tiled roof is placed over it to protect the grains from the sun or rain.
• The improved Kothar structure is generally made of 5 cm thick wooden planks and beams.
• The storage structure is raised on timber posts to a height of about 1.5 m above the ground.
• Rat proofing cones are provided on all posts to avoid the entry of rats into the structure. 

Fig. Kothar Type storage structure