Artificial Insemination Test - 1

The Correct Answer is Artificial Insemination. 

Key Points

• Mating System: There are two types of the mating of animals for the production of progenies. These are::

1. Natural propagation/mating: Mating of animals by natural means.
2. Artificial Insemination (AI): Mating is done through artificial means by collecting semen from males and inseminating the females.

• This method helps in the use of outstanding males for mating of a large number of females thereby the production of a large number of highly productive and performing Progenies.

In2-2(1/2) years a bull get ready for insemination.

Since cattle should be inseminated so that viable sperm are at the fertilization site as the unfertilized egg arrives, it is important to estimate the time of ovulation for each cow that is to be inseminated.

​The Correct Answer is Taking the sperm and placing it directly.

Important Points

• Artificial insemination (AI) is the process of collecting sperm cells from a male animal and manually depositing them into the reproductive tract of a female.
• One can cite a number of potential benefits from the use of artificial insemination.

The correct answer is Statement I is false and Statement II is true.

Key Points

• Artificial insemination is the process of collecting, storing, and processing male animal sperms and artificially introducing them into the reproductive tract of female animals.
• The collected semen from the male animal is stored for a longer duration at -196°C using liquid nitrogen.
• The semen can’t be stored at room temperature because it will lose its motility and viability.
• This phenomenon is known as thermal shock.
• Good variety semen collected from a single bull can inseminate about 300 cows.
• The cost of transporting the bull from one place to another place is reduced in Artificial insemination.

Artificial Insemination is the technique in which semen with living sperms is collected from the male and introduced into female reproductive tract at proper time with the help of instruments.

This has been found to result in a normal off-spring.

Explanation:

• Amniocentesis is a fetal sex determination method based on the chromosomal pattern (karyotyping) in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.
• In the 14th or 15th  week a small gamount of amniotic fluid is taken out from the uterus, using a surgical needle. In this fluid, few cells of embryo-like skin, liver & placenta are present.
• They are tested to know:

1. Genetic anomalies like Down syndrome
2. Metabolic disorders
3. Determining fetal sex

Thus, the permissible use of the technique amniocentesis is for ''Detecting any genetic abnormality''

Additional Information

• There is a statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex determination to legally check increasing female foeticides so, it not permissible to detect the sex of the unborn family
• Artificial Insemination is the technique in which semen with living sperms is collected from the male and introduced into the female reproductive tract at the proper time with the help of instruments. This has been found to result in normal offspring.
• ZIFT is the transfer of zygote or early embryos into the fallopian tube of a surrogate or same mother.

The correct answer is Statement I is false and Statement II is correct. Key Points 

• The overall pregnancy rate per cycle in the intrauterine insemination group was 18% compared to 5% for cervical insemination.
• In the recto-vaginal technique, a sterile, disposable catheter containing the thawed semen is inserted into the vagina and then guided into the cervix by means of a gloved hand in the rectum.
• In the recto-vaginal technique, the inseminating catheter is passed through the spiral folds of the cow's cervix into the uterus
•  In cattle, the safe and best method of insemination is the Recto vaginal method of insemination.

​ Additional InformationArtificial insemination 

• It is the technique in which semen with living sperms is collected from the male and introduced into the female reproductive tract at the proper time with the help of instruments.
• This has been found to result in normal offspring.
• In this process, the semen is inseminated into the female by placing a portion of it either in a collected or diluted form into the cervix or uterus by mechanical methods at the proper time and under most hygienic conditions.
• The first scientific research on artificial insemination of domestic animals was performed on dogs in 1780 by the Italian scientist, Lazanno Spalbanzani. 

Recto vaginal method of insemination

• The inseminator will insert the gloved left hand into the rectum after applying the soft soap or other lubricant on the glove and back racked the animal
•  And the hand is further inserted and will catch hold of the cervix through the rectal wall.
• The A.I gum loaded with semen straw is passed through the vulva to ‘the vagina and
• Cervix and observed with the hand in the rectum that the A. I. gum reaches the cervix,
• Then the semen is deposited by injecting the gun, and after depositing the semen the gun is removed,
• And the empty straw and sheath are disordered.

The correct answer is Liquid nitrogen.

• Today, cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) is a technique that allows for long‐term storage of spermatozoa.
• This is a highly practical method in breeding programs for domestic animals.
• It is used to maintain the establishment and genetic diversity of gene banks.
• Liquid nitrogen boils at −195.79 °C (77 K −320 °F), which allows very little deterioration of bovine semen.

• In addition to plants, animals are also the major source of our food. Animals give milk, meat, eggs, etc., to mankind. Animal foods are generally rich in fat and proteins.
• However, animal food as a source of carbohydrates, proteins and fats tends to be rather more expensive as compared to plant food. This is because most of the calorie content of food is used up by the animal itself for sustaining life and only a little part of it is converted into useful food products. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
• Unlike human beings, animals cannot cook their own food, hence they must be properly fed. Our food requirement varies according to age, health and nature of work. Likewise growing animals (calves, kittens) require more food than older animals. Hence Statement 2 is correct.

• Properly lighted shelters, and ventilation, water supply and hygienic disposal of excreta greatly increase the yield of animal products, because it reduces the animals' discomfort and wastage of energy.
• Like plants, improved varieties of animals can also be produced by cross-breeding. Two different breeds of animals possessing the desired characteristics are cross-bred for good variety. In our country, injecting semen (from a good variety of bull) in cows is very common. This is called artificial insemination.
• Our country has about 32 breeds of cows and seven of buffaloes. Some of the high-yielding breeds of cow are : Jersey, Holstein - Friesian and Karan Frics. Murrah is a breed of buffalo which yields high quantities of milk.
• Fish and other varieties of seafood constitute a valuable source of protein used by a large segment of the coastal population. Pisciculture is also an organised activity to improve the quality of fresh water fish. Catla, Tirica and Rohu are some examples of freshwater fish.
• Operation Flood and Silver Revolution are programmes aimed at raising the output of food from animals. This works on the same lines as the Green Revolution. Hence Statement 3 is correct.

The correct answer is All of the above.

• Selective breeding, progeny testing and improvement techniques are commercially important to animal breeding in farms.
• These techniques help to determine the true breeding value of an animal especially males so as to enable extensive propagation of best germplasm and artificial insemination.
• The extensive use of artificial insemination in domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo and sheep has helped in increasing the selection intensity on the male animals.