Computer Science Test - 9

The correct answer is Wide Area Network.

Key Points

• A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale geographical area, as compared to other network types, such as a local area network (LAN).

Additional Information

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. Web browser.

• In 1990, The WorldWideWeb (not to be confused with the World Wide Web) was the first browser ever created by W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee, then renamed Nexus to differentiate from the actual World Wide Web. Unlike today, this was the only browser and the only way to access the web.
• A web browser takes you anywhere on the internet, letting you see text, images and video from anywhere in the world.
• The web is a vast and powerful tool. Over the course of a few decades, the internet has changed the way we work, the way we play and the way we interact with one another.
• Web browsers like Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge and Apple Safari.
• A web browser takes you anywhere on the internet. It retrieves information from other parts of the web and displays it on your desktop or mobile device. The information is transferred using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which defines how text, images and video are transmitted on the web. This information needs to be shared and displayed in a consistent format so that people using any browser, anywhere in the world can see the information.
• Internet Explorer is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included in the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year.

The correct answer is Network.

• A Computer Network is a group of computers that is linked to each other such that they are able to communicate and share their resources data and applications with each other.
• Computer network components are the major parts that are needed to install the software. 

Key Points:

• The important network components are 
• NIC: It stands for Network Interface Card.
  • It is two types of wired and wireless.
  • It is integrated into the computer’s motherboard or exists or as a separate card.
  • It takes information from a computer and sends it onto the network wire or into the air
• Cable and connector: It is one of the media which is used to transmit communication signals.
  • The wired network uses a special type of cables to connect computers on a network.
• Hub: It is a device that split a network connection into multiple computers.
  • The hub receives the request and transmits it on the entire network.
• Router: It is the device that is used to connect the LAN with an internet connection.
  • When two or more different networks or single internet connections share data to multiple computers.
• Modem: It enables us to connect to the computer with an available internet connection over the internet line.

The correct answer is HTTP.

Key Points

• HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. 
• It is a protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web (www).
• The HTTP protocol can be used to transfer the data in the form of plain text, hypertext, audio, video, and so on.
• This protocol is known as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol because of its efficiency that allows us to use in a hypertext environment where there are rapid jumps from one document to another document.

Additional InformationTCP;

• The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol that is used on top of IP to ensure reliable transmission of packets. 

FTP;

• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer

TFTP;

• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple lockstep File Transfer Protocol which allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host.

Key Points

 A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A router is a hardware device that is used to receive, analyze and forward the incoming packets to another network.

Hence the correct answer is a router.

Additional Information

• The modem is a device that enables a computer to send or receive data over telephone or cable lines.
• Repeaters are network devices operating at the physical layer of the OSI model that amplifies or regenerates an incoming signal before retransmitting it.

Explanation:

• Ring topology is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes and forms a single continuous pathway for signals through each node- a ring.
  • It performs better than a bus topology even under the heavy network load.
  • Communication delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes in the network.
  • They can be used to carry circuits or packets or the combination of both circuits or packets.
  • A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network because all the systems are connected with a single cable.
  • An example of ring topology is Token Ring.
• Bus topology is a communication system that transfers data between computers or components inside a computer.
  • Buses can be parallel buses (which carry data words in parallel on multiple wires) or serial buses (which carry data in bit-serial form).
  • An example of internal computer buses is MBus, Multibus, Conventional PCI, SS-50 Bus, STEbus, etc.
  • An example of external computer buses is Camera Link, Universal Serial Bus (USB), eSATA, High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI), etc.
  • Future bus, Thunderbolt, QuickRing, etc are examples of internal and external computer buses.
• Star topology is an implementation of the spoke-hub distribution paradigm in computer networks.
  • Every host is connected to the central network i.e. point-to-point connection between the device and hub.
  • All nodes (workplace and other devices) are directly connected to a common central computer, local area network (LAN) called Star topology.
  • It works well under heavy load.
  • The single point of failure for the network is the central hub.
• Tree topology has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it and form a hierarchy and also known as hierarchical topology.
  • It is mostly used in Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • It is an extension of bus and star topologies.
  • It is a very expensive and heavily cabled topology.
  • This topology can be easily managed and maintained.

Image of Topology:

The correct answer is option 4.

Concept:

A single cable links all of the included nodes in a bus topology. The primary cable serves as the network's backbone. If the common cable breaks, the entire system will be brought to a halt.

Every device in a ring network has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. It's called ring topology because it's shaped like a ring. Every computer in this topology is linked to another computer. A single computer failure can disrupt the entire network.

As a result, bus and ring topologies have difficulties, such as the possibility of the entire network being deactivated if one connection fails.

Hence the correct answer is Bus and Ring Topology.

Additional InformationStar Topology: 

All of the computers in a star topology communicate through a hub. This cable is known as a central node, and it is used to link all other nodes. The attached nodes are deactivated if the hub or concentrator fails.

Mesh Topology:

A mesh topology is a network configuration in which each computer and network device is linked to the others. Most communications can be dispersed using this topology even if one of the links fails. It is a wireless network topology that is extensively used.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 3.​Key PointsLocal Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as a building, or office.

• LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as a twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.

​Advantages of LAN:

• Resource Sharing: Unlimited data sharing via computer resources such as printers, DVD-ROM, modems, drives, and hard disks with local area networks; this reduces costs.
• Software Applications Sharing: It is cheaper for each client to use the same software on the network instead of buying separately licensed software.
• Easy and Cheap Communication: Communication will be handy and economical because data and messages can be easily transferred to networked computers.
• Centralized Data: All the data of users is saved on the server’s database, one should not worry about losing the data and documents. Since there is a backup option to avoid such errors.
• Internet Sharing: Local area network facilitates the sharing of a single Internet connection among all the users who are connected to the LAN.

Disadvantages of LAN:

• Setup Cost: Although LANs will save costs over time due to sharing computer resources, the initial cost of establishing a local area network is a bit expensive.
• LAN Maintenance: Local area networks require a LAN administrator for handling software installation, wiring setup, hardware failures, or cable malfunctions.
• Server Load: If the server is not very good, it cannot overload many computer connections, which can cause damage.
• Security: There is a risk of insecurity because hackers can enter the system. Similarly, viruses and malware can also enter a LAN it can damage all those that are connected.
• Covers Limited Area: The local area network is limited and covers only a small area such as a home, an office, a building, or a cluster of nearby buildings.

​

• Hence, the correct option is 5.

Important Points

• A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share its resources, data, and applications.

Computer Network Types

• WAN(Wide Area Network)
• MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
• PAN(Personal Area Network)
• LAN(Local Area Network)

Additional InformationPAN(Personal Area Network)

• A personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.
• A personal Area Network is used for connecting computer devices for personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
• Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area Network.
• Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
• Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media players, and play stations.

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

• A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
• Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
• In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.
• The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
• It has a higher range than the Local Area Network(LAN).

WAN(Wide Area Network)

• A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries.
• A Wide Area Network is quite a bigger network than a LAN.
• A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans a large geographical area through a telephone line, fiber optic cable, or satellite links.
• The internet is one of the biggest WANs in the world.
• A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education.

The correct answer is Home Page

Key Points

• A home page is a webpage that serves as the starting point of the website.
• It is the default webpage that loads when you visit a web address that only contains a domain name. For example, visiting https://testbook.com will display the Testbook home page.
• The home page is located in the root directory of a website. Most web servers allow the home page to have one of several different filenames. Examples include index.html, index.htm, index.HTML, index.php, default.html, and home.html.
• The default filename of a website's home page can be customized on both Apache and IIS servers.
• Since the home page file is loaded automatically from the root directory, the home page URL does not need to include the filename.

Important Points

• For most websites, the majority of visitors who visit never visit the homepage. However, it's still an important part of a website because those visitors who visit the homepage need a way to understand what your website offers. Ideally, your website homepage should include a link to all pages or for a big website (over 100 pages) all sections. Other important things to consider are including a company phone number, contact information, and the website's most popular web pages.
• If you have never created a website or blog, the above definition of a homepage may be confused with a browser homepage (home).
• A browser home is a default document displayed when you first open your browser. It can be configured to display a specific website in the browser's preferences.
• For example, you may have Google as your browser's home to open a search when you first open the browser. If you were to search for "Mock Test" from your browser's home and clicked the Testbook link, you would be directed to our website homepage.

The correct answer is 2.

Key Points

• A computer network is an interconnection among two or more computers or computing devices. Such interconnection allows computers to share data and resources with each other. A basic network may connect a few computers placed in a room.
• The network size may vary from small to large depending on the number of computers it connects.
• A computer network can include different types of hosts (also called nodes) like servers, desktops, laptops, cellular phones.

Important Points

• Some of the other important network components are:
• NIC: It stands for Network Interface Card.
  • It is two types of wired and wireless.
  • It is integrated into the computer’s motherboard or exists as a separate card.
  • It takes information from a computer and sends it onto the network wire or into the air.
  • It can support a transfer rate of 10,100 to 1000 Mb/s.
• Hub: It is a device that split a network connection into multiple computers.
  • The hub receives the request and transmits it on the entire network.
• Router: It is the device that is used to connect the LAN with an internet connection.
  • When two or more different networks or single internet connections share data to multiple computers.
• Modem: It enables us to connect to the computer with an available internet connection over the internet line.