Semiconductors and Electronic Devices Test - 7

Explanation:Holes and electrons are the two types of charge carriers responsible for current in semiconductor materials.Holes in a metal or semiconductor crystal lattice can move through the lattice as electrons can, and act similarly to positively-charged particles. They play an important role in the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits. However they are not actually particles, but rather quasiparticles; they are different from the positron, which is the antiparticle of the electron.

Explanation:Materials that have the resistance levels between those of a conductor and an insulator are referred to as semiconductors.They are quite common, found in almost all electronic devices. Good examples of semiconductor materials are germanium, selenium, and silicon.Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals.

Explanation:The more abundant charge carriers are called majority carriers, which are primarily responsible for current transport in a piece of semiconductor. In n-type semiconductors they are electrons, while in p-type semiconductors they are holes.

When a p −n junction is formed, some of the free electrons in the n region diffuse across the junction and combine with holes to form negative ions. In doing so they leave behind positive ions at the donor impurity sites. Similarly, holes from p side diffuse to the n side and thus form a layer called diffusion layer at the junction.
So the depletion region is caused by the diffusion of charge carriers.
 

Explanation:Due to heating, when a free electron is produced then simultaneously a hole is also produced.

Explanation:An intrinsic semiconductor, also called an undoped semiconductor or i-type semiconductor, is a pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present. The number of charge carriers is therefore determined by the properties of the material itself instead of the amount of impurities. In intrinsic semiconductors the number of excited electrons and the number of holes are equal: n = p.

Explanation:The material which has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator is called as semiconductor. Silicon, germanium and graphite are some examples of semiconductors.

In semiconductors, the forbidden gap between valence band and conduction band is very small. It has a forbidden gap of about 1 electron volt (eV).

Conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of an electrical current in one more directions. A metal wire is a common electrical conductor. In metals such as copper or aluminium, the mobile charged particles are welcome.

Explanation:Doping is the process of adding impurities to intrinsic semiconductors to alter their properties. Normally Trivalent and Pentavalent elements are used to dope Silicon and Germanium. When an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with Trivalent impurity it becomes a P-Type semiconductor.

Concept of holes in the semiconductor:

1. When an electron is removed from a covalent bond, it leaves a vacancy behind. An electron from a neighbouring atom can move into this vacancy, leaving the neighbour with a vacancy. In this way the vacancy formed is called a hole (or cotter), and can travel through the material and serve as an additional current carriers.
2. A hole is considered as a seat of positive charge, having magnitude of charge equal to that of an electron.
3. Holes acts as a virtual charge, although there is no physical charge on it.
4. Effective mass of hole is more than an electron.
5. Mobility of hole is less than an electron.