Language Comprehension Test - 4

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987

Punishment for Abetment of Sati (See 4):

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 , if any person commits sati, whoever abets the commission of such sati, either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person attempts to commit sati, whoever abets such attempt either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

The following act shall also be deemed to be an abetment for the purpose of this Section:

(a) any inducement to a widow or woman to get her burnt or buried alive along with the body of her deceased husband or with any other relative or with any article, object or thing associated with the husband or with such relative, irrespective of whether she is in a fit state of mind or is labouring under a state of intoxication or stupefaction or other cause impeding the exercise of her free will;

(b) making a widow or woman believe that the commission of sati would result in some spiritual benefit to her deceased husband or relative or the general well-being of the family;

(c) encouraging a widow or a woman to remain fixed in her resolve to commit sati and thus instigating her to commit sati;

(d) participating in any procession in connection with the commission of sati or aiding the widow or woman in her decision to commit sati by taking her along with the body of her deceased husband or relative to the cremation or burial ground;

(e) being present at the place where sati committed as an active participant to such commission or to any ceremony connected with it;

(f) preventing or obstructing the widow or woman from saving herself from being burnt or buried alive;

(g) obstructing or interfering with, the Police in the discharge of its duties of taking any steps to prevent the commission of sati.

Punishment for glorification of Sati (Sec. 5):

As per Section 2(b) of the Act, glorification in relation to sati; whether such sati was committed before or after the commencement of this Act, includes, among other things:

(i) the observance of any ceremony or the taking out of a procession in connection with the commission of sati; or

(ii) supporting, justifying or propagating the practice of sati in any manner; or

(iii) arranging of any function to eulogize the person who has committed sati; or

(iv) creation of a trust, or the collection of funds, or the construction of a temple or other structure or the carrying on of any form of worship or the performance of any ceremony there with a view to perpetuate the honour of, or to preserve the memory of a person who has committed sati.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987

Punishment for Abetment of Sati (See 4):

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 , if any person commits sati, whoever abets the commission of such sati, either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person attempts to commit sati, whoever abets such attempt either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

The following act shall also be deemed to be an abetment for the purpose of this Section:

(a) any inducement to a widow or woman to get her burnt or buried alive along with the body of her deceased husband or with any other relative or with any article, object or thing associated with the husband or with such relative, irrespective of whether she is in a fit state of mind or is labouring under a state of intoxication or stupefaction or other cause impeding the exercise of her free will;

(b) making a widow or woman believe that the commission of sati would result in some spiritual benefit to her deceased husband or relative or the general well-being of the family;

(c) encouraging a widow or a woman to remain fixed in her resolve to commit sati and thus instigating her to commit sati;

(d) participating in any procession in connection with the commission of sati or aiding the widow or woman in her decision to commit sati by taking her along with the body of her deceased husband or relative to the cremation or burial ground;

(e) being present at the place where sati committed as an active participant to such commission or to any ceremony connected with it;

(f) preventing or obstructing the widow or woman from saving herself from being burnt or buried alive;

(g) obstructing or interfering with, the Police in the discharge of its duties of taking any steps to prevent the commission of sati.

Punishment for glorification of Sati (Sec. 5):

As per Section 2(b) of the Act, glorification in relation to sati; whether such sati was committed before or after the commencement of this Act, includes, among other things:

(i) the observance of any ceremony or the taking out of a procession in connection with the commission of sati; or

(ii) supporting, justifying or propagating the practice of sati in any manner; or

(iii) arranging of any function to eulogize the person who has committed sati; or

(iv) creation of a trust, or the collection of funds, or the construction of a temple or other structure or the carrying on of any form of worship or the performance of any ceremony there with a view to perpetuate the honour of, or to preserve the memory of a person who has committed sati.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987

Punishment for Abetment of Sati (See 4):

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 , if any person commits sati, whoever abets the commission of such sati, either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person attempts to commit sati, whoever abets such attempt either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

The following act shall also be deemed to be an abetment for the purpose of this Section:

(a) any inducement to a widow or woman to get her burnt or buried alive along with the body of her deceased husband or with any other relative or with any article, object or thing associated with the husband or with such relative, irrespective of whether she is in a fit state of mind or is labouring under a state of intoxication or stupefaction or other cause impeding the exercise of her free will;

(b) making a widow or woman believe that the commission of sati would result in some spiritual benefit to her deceased husband or relative or the general well-being of the family;

(c) encouraging a widow or a woman to remain fixed in her resolve to commit sati and thus instigating her to commit sati;

(d) participating in any procession in connection with the commission of sati or aiding the widow or woman in her decision to commit sati by taking her along with the body of her deceased husband or relative to the cremation or burial ground;

(e) being present at the place where sati committed as an active participant to such commission or to any ceremony connected with it;

(f) preventing or obstructing the widow or woman from saving herself from being burnt or buried alive;

(g) obstructing or interfering with, the Police in the discharge of its duties of taking any steps to prevent the commission of sati.

Punishment for glorification of Sati (Sec. 5):

As per Section 2(b) of the Act, glorification in relation to sati; whether such sati was committed before or after the commencement of this Act, includes, among other things:

(i) the observance of any ceremony or the taking out of a procession in connection with the commission of sati; or

(ii) supporting, justifying or propagating the practice of sati in any manner; or

(iii) arranging of any function to eulogize the person who has committed sati; or

(iv) creation of a trust, or the collection of funds, or the construction of a temple or other structure or the carrying on of any form of worship or the performance of any ceremony there with a view to perpetuate the honour of, or to preserve the memory of a person who has committed sati.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987

Punishment for Abetment of Sati (See 4):

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 , if any person commits sati, whoever abets the commission of such sati, either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person attempts to commit sati, whoever abets such attempt either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

The following act shall also be deemed to be an abetment for the purpose of this Section:

(a) any inducement to a widow or woman to get her burnt or buried alive along with the body of her deceased husband or with any other relative or with any article, object or thing associated with the husband or with such relative, irrespective of whether she is in a fit state of mind or is labouring under a state of intoxication or stupefaction or other cause impeding the exercise of her free will;

(b) making a widow or woman believe that the commission of sati would result in some spiritual benefit to her deceased husband or relative or the general well-being of the family;

(c) encouraging a widow or a woman to remain fixed in her resolve to commit sati and thus instigating her to commit sati;

(d) participating in any procession in connection with the commission of sati or aiding the widow or woman in her decision to commit sati by taking her along with the body of her deceased husband or relative to the cremation or burial ground;

(e) being present at the place where sati committed as an active participant to such commission or to any ceremony connected with it;

(f) preventing or obstructing the widow or woman from saving herself from being burnt or buried alive;

(g) obstructing or interfering with, the Police in the discharge of its duties of taking any steps to prevent the commission of sati.

Punishment for glorification of Sati (Sec. 5):

As per Section 2(b) of the Act, glorification in relation to sati; whether such sati was committed before or after the commencement of this Act, includes, among other things:

(i) the observance of any ceremony or the taking out of a procession in connection with the commission of sati; or

(ii) supporting, justifying or propagating the practice of sati in any manner; or

(iii) arranging of any function to eulogize the person who has committed sati; or

(iv) creation of a trust, or the collection of funds, or the construction of a temple or other structure or the carrying on of any form of worship or the performance of any ceremony there with a view to perpetuate the honour of, or to preserve the memory of a person who has committed sati.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987

Punishment for Abetment of Sati (See 4):

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in The Indian Penal Code, 1860 , if any person commits sati, whoever abets the commission of such sati, either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person attempts to commit sati, whoever abets such attempt either directly or indirectly, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

The following act shall also be deemed to be an abetment for the purpose of this Section:

(a) any inducement to a widow or woman to get her burnt or buried alive along with the body of her deceased husband or with any other relative or with any article, object or thing associated with the husband or with such relative, irrespective of whether she is in a fit state of mind or is labouring under a state of intoxication or stupefaction or other cause impeding the exercise of her free will;

(b) making a widow or woman believe that the commission of sati would result in some spiritual benefit to her deceased husband or relative or the general well-being of the family;

(c) encouraging a widow or a woman to remain fixed in her resolve to commit sati and thus instigating her to commit sati;

(d) participating in any procession in connection with the commission of sati or aiding the widow or woman in her decision to commit sati by taking her along with the body of her deceased husband or relative to the cremation or burial ground;

(e) being present at the place where sati committed as an active participant to such commission or to any ceremony connected with it;

(f) preventing or obstructing the widow or woman from saving herself from being burnt or buried alive;

(g) obstructing or interfering with, the Police in the discharge of its duties of taking any steps to prevent the commission of sati.

Punishment for glorification of Sati (Sec. 5):

As per Section 2(b) of the Act, glorification in relation to sati; whether such sati was committed before or after the commencement of this Act, includes, among other things:

(i) the observance of any ceremony or the taking out of a procession in connection with the commission of sati; or

(ii) supporting, justifying or propagating the practice of sati in any manner; or

(iii) arranging of any function to eulogize the person who has committed sati; or

(iv) creation of a trust, or the collection of funds, or the construction of a temple or other structure or the carrying on of any form of worship or the performance of any ceremony there with a view to perpetuate the honour of, or to preserve the memory of a person who has committed sati.

Direction: In the following question, parts of a sentence have been jumbled. You are required to rearrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly by selecting the correct option.

Direction: In the following question, parts of a sentence have been jumbled. You are required to rearrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly by selecting the correct option.

Direction: In the following question, parts of a sentence have been jumbled. You are required to rearrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly by selecting the correct option.

Direction: Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Besides affecting human health, air pollution is also causing malnutrition in trees by harming fungi that are important for providing mineral nutrients to tree roots. Mycorrhizal fungi are hosted by the trees in their roots to receive nutrients from the soil. These fungi provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil in exchange for carbon from the tree. This plant-fungal symbiotic relationship is crucial for the health of the tree. However, high levels of the nutrition elements like nitrogen and phosphorus in the mycorrhizae change them to act as pollutants rather than nutrients.

The signs of malnutrition can be seen in the form of discolored leaves and excessive falling of leaves. There is an alarming trend of tree malnutrition across Europe, which leaves forests vulnerable to pests, disease, and climate change. The researchers noted that ecosystem changes can negatively affect tree health. Further, they found that the characteristics of the tree-species and nutrient status and the local environmental conditions like the atmospheric pollution and soil variables were the most important predictors of which species of mycorrhizal fungi would be present and their numbers. These also proved to have a large impact on the fungi.

Direction: Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to the question out of the four alternatives.

Besides affecting human health, air pollution is also causing malnutrition in trees by harming fungi that are important for providing mineral nutrients to tree roots. Mycorrhizal fungi are hosted by the trees in their roots to receive nutrients from the soil. These fungi provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil in exchange for carbon from the tree. This plant-fungal symbiotic relationship is crucial for the health of the tree. However, high levels of the nutrition elements like nitrogen and phosphorus in the mycorrhizae change them to act as pollutants rather than nutrients.

The signs of malnutrition can be seen in the form of discolored leaves and excessive falling of leaves. There is an alarming trend of tree malnutrition across Europe, which leaves forests vulnerable to pests, disease, and climate change. The researchers noted that ecosystem changes can negatively affect tree health. Further, they found that the characteristics of the tree-species and nutrient status and the local environmental conditions like the atmospheric pollution and soil variables were the most important predictors of which species of mycorrhizal fungi would be present and their numbers. These also proved to have a large impact on the fungi.