Biology Test - 3

The Correct answer is   Leaves &dried fruits.

• As its name suggests the coriander seeds are dried fruits and leaves
• Coriander is the common name of Coriandrum sativum.
• Coriander is a heavily consumed herb plant.
• Herbs generally refer to the leafy green.
• Herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties.
• They are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for
  medicinal purposes, or for fragrances.

The Indian gooseberry, or aamla from Sanskrit amalika, is a deciduous tree of the family Phyllanthaceae. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name. Although these fruits are reputed to contain high amounts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 445 mg/1-00g, the specific contents are disputed, and the overall antioxidant strength of amla may derive instead from its high density of ellagitannins such as emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%), punigluconin (12%) and pedunculagin (14%). 

The correct answer is   Potato .

Key Points

• In potato, the underground portion is a modified stem in that it stores reserve food and has all characters of stem i.e. roots and shoots appear from it and it has buds (eyes) also.
• Potato is a tuber (that part carry out photosynthesis- the green color part seen in young potato).
• It is called a modified stem as it has scaly leaves, nodes, internodes, and adventitious roots, characteristic to stems.
• Potato tuber bears buds in small pits known as eyes.
• Buds develop to branches.
• Some of the branches become green, erect, and leafy stems that grow horizontally underground.

Concept:

• The  liver  is the  largest gland of the Human body.
• It is also the  largest internal organ  of the Human body.
• The  liver is the most extensive organ in the human body and human adults can weigh up to 1.5-1.6 kg.
• The liver performs a multitude of functions in our body and in a single human or artificial organ or system it is difficult to reproduce so many functions.
• Some of the critical functions of the liver  include  secretion of bile juices for lipid &vitamin decomposition, preparation of blood plasma proteins that enable blood clotting, and also detoxification.

Key Points:

The liver performs several functions. One of these functions is  glycogenesis.

• The main centre of carbohydrate metabolism in the  liver.
• Glycogenesis is the conversion and storage of an extra amount of glucose into glycogen from the digested food is called  glycogenesis.
• The main stored food in the liver is  glycogen.

Explanation:

• Regulation of blood sugar  - Done by the liver.
• Enzyme activation  - Done by the liver.
• Detoxification   - Done by the liver.
• Reproduction  - Does not do by the liver.

An obese person has a greatly increased number of blood vessels because of the amount of adipose tissue that must be serviced. As a result, the total length of his or her vascular tree is greatly increased and this person tends to have a higher blood pressure because of the greater resistance to blood flow. Resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the blood vessel. In other words, the smaller the diameter of the vessel, the greater the resistance it offers to blood flow.

Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, bee) is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect honey and other products of the hive  (including beeswax, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard ". 

Cowper ’s glands are part of the reproductive system. The secretions produced by the Cowper 's glands help to protect sperm as it passes through the urethra during ejaculation. In response to sexual stimulation prior to ejaculation, the Cowper 's glands begin producing an alkaline mucous secretion known as pre - ejaculate.

Stomata:

• Stomata are small pores present in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other plant parts.
• The stomata are surrounded by two guard cells.
• This allows gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the plant 's internal tissues.
• It occurs mostly in vascular plants.
• The inner wall of the guard cell is thicker than the outer wall.​

DNA stands for Deoxyribo nucleic acid. It is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain from conditions such as muscle aches, toothaches, common cold, and headaches. It may also be used to reduce pain and swelling in conditions such as arthritis.

The correct answer is   Orinthology.

Key Points

• The word Ornithology comes from two Greek words-'Ornis '(Birds) and 'logos '(theory) .
• It deals with the scientific study of all aspects of birds like  body shape, appearance, habitat, migration pattern, mating behaviour, warning predators, flock movement, voice, ability to mimic, etc.
• A person who studies birds is known as an  Ornithologist .

Important Points

• Gerontology  is known as the study of old age.
• Pomology  is the branch of science that involves the study of Fruits.
• Ichthyology  is the branch of zoology which deals with the study of fish, including bony fish, cartilaginous fish, and jawless fish.

Additional Information

• Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention  is the only global convention that provides a platform for the conservation of migratory species, their habitat, migration routes, etc.
• India became a signatory to the Bonn Convention for the conservation of migratory species in  1983.
• The 13th COP (Conference of Parties)  of CMS was hosted by India in  February 2020 at Gandhinagar (Gujarat).
• The Theme of CMS  COP 13  was "Migratory species connect the planet and we welcome them home ".
• The COP 13  logo was inspired by 'Kolam 'which is a traditional art form of South India.
• Gibi- The Great Indian Bustard '  was the mascot for CMS COP 13.
• The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered species under  the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 .

Pythonidae, commonly known simply as pythons, from the Greek word python, is a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia and Australia. Among its members are some of the largest snakes in the world. Pythons are found in sub-Saharan Africa, Nepal, India, Burma, southern China, Southeast Asia and from the Philippines southeast through Indonesia to New Guinea and Australia.

Investment of pancreas is essential in the control of blood sugar. Pancreas produces the hormone insulin which checks the blood sugar level and glucagon which tends to increase the level of blood glucose.

Metformin is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. It is used to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. 

- During dehydration, the body primarily loses water and electrolytes.
- Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt, is the main electrolyte lost.
- Electrolytes are essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
- Sodium plays a crucial role in regulating water distribution and blood pressure.
- Loss of sodium chloride can lead to symptoms like muscle cramps, dizziness, and fatigue.
- Rehydration solutions often contain sodium to restore electrolyte balance effectively.. 

For women, heart disease symptoms may be subtle - but when a heart attack strikes, women are more likely to die than men. Women are also at twice the risk of death following open heart surgery, compared to men.
Researchers say when men have heart disease it affects the larger blood vessels, but in women, the small blood vessels become diseased.

In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a Dural fold. The pituitary gland secretes nine hormones that regulate homeostasis.

The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) is the apex research organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India for carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant resources of the country. It was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic objective to explore the plant resources of the country and to identify the plants species with economic virtues. The Botanical Survey of India has the nine regional circles situated at different regions of the country.

In the 1950s, Arvid Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor fornorepinephrine, as had been previously believed. He developed a method for measuring the amount of dopamine in brain tissues and found that dopamine levels in the basal ganglia, a brain area important for movement, were particularly high. He then showed that giving animals the drug reserpine caused a decrease in dopamine levels and a loss of movement control. 

The correct answer is  23.
Key Points

• The human egg, or ovum, is  one of the largest cells in the human body. 
• Karl Ernst von Baer  discovered the mammalian ovum in 1827.
• After ovulation, the egg lives for 12 to 24 hours and must be fertilized in that time.
• An  egg cell is a metabolically active cell, substances are absorbed and released.
• Humans are  diploid (2n) organisms  having 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes.
• The  gametes, sperm and ovum, are  haploid (n) as they are formed by meiosis.
• This means the gametes will have only one of each pair of chromosomes.
• Therefore, chromosome number  in the human ovum is 23.