Polity Test - 5

The Legislative Council or the Vidhan Parishad is the Upper Chamber of the State Legislature. As mentioned in the constitution the total membership of the Legislative Council shall not be less than forty and more than one third of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of the concerned state. One-third of the members of this House are elected by the Legislative Assembly from amongst persons who are not its members. One-third of its members “are elected by the local bodies like Munici-palities or District Boards or any other local authority as specified by the law of the Parliament. Onetwelfth of the members are elected by graduates of at least three years standing. Onetwelfth of the members are elected by teachers of secondary schools having at least three years experience. About one-sixth of the members are nominated by the Governor from among persons possessing special knowledge and experience in the field of art, science, literature, social service and cooperative movement.

The constitutional 73rd 804th Amendment Acts 1992 received the assent of the president of India on 20th April 1993 and came into force on 24th April and on 1st June 1993 respectively. 

In December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship of Ashoka Mehta.

The Finance Commission makes recommendations to the President regarding the principles governing the grants-in-aid of the revenues of 'the States out of the Consolidated Fund of India and with regard to article 275- the sums to bep aid to the States which are in need of assistance by way of grants-in-aid of their revenues for purposes other than those specified in the provisos to clause (1) of that article.

An extra-const it utional agency or department is not specifically provided for by the Constitution, but one that nevertheless exists and has been held to be constitutional. The Planning Commission is an extra constitutional  body. The Planning Commission does not derive its creation from either the Constitution or statute, but is an arm of the Central/Union Government.

Haryana state was formed on 1 November, 1966, on the recommendation of the Parliamentary Committee which was announced in the Parliament on 23 September, 1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included.

The National Capital Regional Plan covers areas in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan and the National Capital Tenitory (NCT) Delhi. The Union Minister for Urban Development is the Chairman of NCR Planning Board. 

Uniform civil code of India is a term referring to the concept of an overarching Civil Law Code in India. A uniform civil code administers the same set of secular civil laws to govern all people irrespective of their religion, caste and tribe. In the small state of Goa, a civil code based on the old Portuguese Family Laws exists, and Muslim Personal Law is prohibited. This is a result of the liberation of Goa in 1961 by India, when the Indian government promised the people that their laws would be left intact.

In 1956, during the reorganization of Indian states, the Lakshadweep islands were organized into a separate union territory for administrative purposes. The name of this Union Territory was changed to Lakshadweep with effect from November 1, 1973.

In. December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta. The committee submitted its report in August 1978 and made 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in the country. As a result of this report, the Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal passed new legislation.

The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Programrne (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working.

The Indian Constitution does not recognize property right as a fundamental right. In the year 1977, the 44th amendment eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property as a fundamental right. However, in another part of the Constitution, Article 300 (1) was inserted to affirm that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. The result is that the right to property as a fundamental right is now substituted as a statutory right.

The Forty Second Constitution Amendment Act, 1976 has incorporated ten Fundamental Duties in Article 51(1) of the constitution of India. This was done in accordance with the recommendation of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee. India adopted Fundamental Duties from the Constitution of erstwhile USSR. 

Supreme Court has the power to transfer any Case, appeal or other proceedings from High Court or other court in one State to a High Court or other civil court in any other State.

The Supreme Court of India is regarded as the guardian of the Constitution. It is the Supreme or final interpreter of the Constitution. The interpretation of the Constitution given by the Supreme Court is to be respected.

B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly

There were 284 members of the Constituent Assembly who signed the Constitution of India. The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.

The permanent President of Constituent Assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad. 

The Drafting Committee for framing the constitution was appointed on 29th August 1947. The committee comprised of a chairman and six other members. The committee members were:- Dr B. R. Ambedlcar (Chainnan), K M Munshi, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N Gopalaswami Ayengar, B L Mitter, Md. Saadullah and D P Khaitan.

The members of the Drafting committee were Dr B R Ambedkar (Chairman), Krishnaswamy Aiyar, Dr K M Munshi, N Gopalaswamy Aiyanger, Syed Mohammad Saadullah, B L Miner and D P Khaitan. Later in place of Mitter and Khaitan new members, N Madhava Rau and T T Krislinamachari joined the committee as members.