Polity Test - 6

The system of judicial review exists in India and U.S.A. Judicial review is the power of a court to review the constitutionality of a statute or treaty, or to review an administrative regulation for consistency with either a statute, a treaty, or the Constitution itself. In U.K. tribunal system is part of the administrative justice.

Zero Hour in Parliament starts at 12 noon during which members raise matters of importance, especially those that cannot be delayed. Zero Hour is the Indian innovation in the field of parliamentary procedures and has been in existence since 1962. However, it does not find mention in the rules of procedure. During zero hour, questions are asked about issues of public importance without prior permission. These questions are usually directed against individual ministers.

• Loksabha:
  • The maximum strength of the House is 552 members. Out of this:-
    • 530 members to represent the states, 20 members to represent the UT 's.
    • At present, the strength of the House is  545.
• Rajyasabha
  • The maximum strength of the House is 250 members.
  • Out of 250, 238 are representatives of the states and of the two UT 's and 12 are nominated by the president.
  • The present strength of Rajyasabha, however, is 245, out of which 233 are representatives of the states  and UT 's of Delhi and Puducherry and 12 are nominated by the president.

The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than 6 month 's gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year.

Article 56 of the Indian Constitution states that (1) the President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office: provided that-the President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Vice-President, resign his office; the President may, for violation of the Constitution, be removed from office by impeachment in the manner provided in article 61; and the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office; (2) any resignation addressed to the Vice-President under clause (1) of the proviso to clause (1) shall forthwith be communicated by him to the Speaker of the House of the People.

The minimum age of voting in India was lowered from 21 to 18 years by the 61st Amendment Act in .1988 read with Act 21 of 1989. 

There are three lists detailing the powers, functions and sharing of these among the Union and the States in India. The List I or the Union List, List II or the State List and List  III or the Concurrent List are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. 

Up to 525 members represent of the territorial constituencies in States, up to 20 members represent the Union Territories and no more than two members from Anglo-Indian community can be nominated by the President of India if he or she feels that the community is not adequately represented. 

The amenities provided to the members of parliament relate to salaries and allowances, travelling facilities, medical facilities, accommodation, telephones, etc. These are governed by the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954 and the rules made there under.
 Note : last time in 2010 the legislation was passed by voice vote to raise MPs 'salaries from Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 50,000.

Dr Sarvepalli Radhalcrishnan was the Vice President of India for two consecutive terms from 13 May, 1952 to 12 May, 1962. He  was the second President of India from 1962 to 1967.