Art and Culture Test

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Art and Culture Test - 4

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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With reference to the 'Amara Nayaka 'officers during Vijayanagar empire, consider the following
statements:

1. The title of Amara Nayakas, was given to military commanders only.
2. They were responsible for collection of taxes from peasants.
3. They had to maintain a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 and 3 only

B
2 only

C
2 and 3 only

D
1, 2 and 3
Solution
The system of Amara Nayakas was majorpolitical innovation of the Vijayanagaraempire. The amara nayakas were militarycommanders who were given territories togovern by the raya. Hence, statement 1 iscorrect.

They collected taxes and other dues from the peasants, craftpersons and traders in thearea. They retained part of the revenue forpersonnel use and for maintaining astipulated contingent of horses and elephants.

During the course of the seventeenthcentury, many of these nayaks establishedindependent kingdoms. This hastened thecollapse of the central imperial structure.Hence, statement 4 is correct.
Question 2
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Consider the following statements:

1. Under the dahsala system of Akbar, the land revenue from a particular land was fixed for ten years.
2. Under the ghalla- bakshi system, the produce from land was divided between the peasants and the state in fixed proportion.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 only

B
2 only

C
Both 1 and 2

D
Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

Under the dahsala system , the averageproduce of different crops as well as theaverage prices prevailing over the lastten(dah) years were calculated. The revenuewas not fixed for ten years. Hence,statement 1 is wrong.

Under the ghalla- bakshi system, the producefrom land was divided between the peasantsand the state in fixed proportion.
Question 3
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Consider the following statements with regard to the life spent by Hsuan Tsang, a Chinese traveller in
India:

1. He visited India during the rule of Chandragupta II.
2. He studied Buddhism at Taxila University.
3. He translated Buddhist texts written in Sanskrit into Chinese.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 and 2 only

B
2 and 3 only

C
3 only

D
1, 2 and 3

Solution

Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect becauseHsuan Tsang visited during Harsha 's rule . Hecame to India to study in the BuddhistUniversity of Nalanda and to collect Buddhisttexts from India. Under his influence, Harshabecame supporter of Buddhism. WhereasChandragupta II period or during Gupta Age,Buddhism no longer received royalpatronage and the Chinese traveller whovisited was Fa-Hsien . Chandraguptareceived education at Taxila University.Hence,Statement 3 is correct.

Hsuan Tsang translated mostly MahayanaBuddhist works written in Sanskrit inChinese.
Question 4
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With which school of Indian philosophy the 'Theory of karma 'is associated?

A
Yoga

B
Vedanta

C
Vaisesika

D
Mimansa

Solution

Theory of karma means that a person in hispresent birth has to bear the consequencesof his actions performed in his previous birth. It is associated with Vedanta chool ofphilosphy.
Question 5
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Consider the following statements about shrines of the temple in earlier times:
1. Sandhara type were shrines without pradakshinapatha.
2. Nirandhara type were shrines with pradakshinapatha.
3. Sarvatobhadra were shrines which can be accessed from all sides.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 and 2 only

B
1 and 3 only

C
3 only

D
1, 2 and 3
Solution
"Pradakshinapatha refers to thecircumbulatory or pathway around the mainshrine. In earlier temple architecture,basically in Nagara style there were threekinds of shrines which were classified on thebasis of patway around the main shrine.

In sandhara type there were nopradakshinapath around the main shrinewhereas in nirandhara type there is pathwayto do 'parikrama 'around the main shrine.

In saravatobhadra the shrine can beaccessed from all sides as it has multiplegods and godesses facing different direction,there is particular sequence for placing thesedeities in circular manner. Example ofsarvatobhadra shrine is Vishnu temple atDeogarh ".

Hence D is the correct answer.
Question 6
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With reference to Buddhist literature, consider the following statements:

1. Milindapanho is a non-canonical Buddhist literature.
2. Jataka tales are canonical buddhist literature.
3. Therigatha literature describes the monk 's experience of renunciation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 only

B
1 and 2 only

C
2 and 3 only

D
1, 2 and 3
Solution
The Milindapanho, Buddhist text which datesfrom approximately 100 BC is record ofdialogue between Indo-Greek king Milinda 'squestions on Buddhism to the sageNagasena therefore it is non-canonical.

Canonical literature are the one which laydown the basic tenets of religion or sect.

There stories of Buddha in Jataka talescontains the teachings and principles of Buddhism there fore it is canonical. It is thepart of Suttapitaka.

Therigatha literature contains the songs forBuddhist nuns and one of the earliestliterature created by women.

Suttapitaka contains teachings by Buddhahimself in a dialogue form.
Question 7
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With reference to Akbar 's Rajput policy, consider the following statements:
1. In pursuance of his rajput policy, Akbar abolished jizyah and extended pilgrimage tax to muslims also.
2. Akbar not only inducted Rajput rajas into Mughal administration but also treated them on par with Mughal officials.
3. Akbar treated matrimonial alliances with Rajput rajas as test of loyalty and submission.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 and 3 only

B
2 and 3 only

C
2 only

D
1, 2, and 3
Solution
Akbar abolished both jizyah and pilgrimagetax. Hence, statement 1 is wrong.

Akbar treated Rajput and Mughal officialsequally for e.g Man Singh and Bhagwant Dasrose to mansab ranks of 7000 and 5000respectively. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Akbar did not treat matrimonial alliances astest of loyalty and submission. Nomatrimonial relations were established withthe Hadas of Ranthambhor, yet Surjan Hadawas allotted jagirs in Garh-Katanga, served inGujarat and elsewhere and rose to the rank2000. Again, when the rulers of Sirohi and Banswara submitted, no matrimonialrelations were established with them. Neitherwere the matrimonial alliances forced uponthe Rajputs, it was more the force ofcircumstances and a realisation on the partof the rajas the benefits these marriagesmight confer on them.

Hence, statement 3 is wrong.
Question 8
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Consider the following pairs:
New Year Festival       State
1. Ugadi           : Andhra Pradesh
2. Losar           : Arunanchal Pradesh
3. Gudi Padwa      : Maharashtra
4. Vishu           : Manipur

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

A
1, 2 and 3 only

B
1 and 3 only

C
2, 3 and 4 only

D
2 and 4 only
Solution
Ugadi is celebrated as New Year ’s Day inKarnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The name Ugadi is derived from the name “Yuga Adi ”, which means ‘the beginning of a new age ’. Itis celebrated on the first day of the Hindumonth Chaitra, which marks the onset ofspring.

The festival of Losar marks the beginning of New Year in Ladakh region of Jammu andKashmir. Losar is Tibetan word for ‘newyear ’.

Gudi Padwa is celebrated as New Year ’s Dayin Maharashtra. It is celebrated on the sameday as Ugadi i.e., the first day of the month Chaitra. Lord Brahma is worshipped on thisday and the gudi, Brahma ’s flag (also calledBrahmadhvaj), is hoisted in every house as asymbolic representation of Rama ’s victoryover Ravana.

Vishu is celebrated as New Year ’s Day inKerala. It is celebrated on the first day of theMalayalam month of Medam (mid-April onthe Gregorian calendar). Offerings to thedivine called Vishukanni are neatly arrangedon the eve of the festival and consist of rice,linen, cucumber, betel leaves, holy texts,coins and yellow flowers called konna (Cassiafistula). It is considered auspicious to see theVishukanni first thing in the morning. On thisday, people read the Ramayana and go totemples, Hindu places of worship. Childrenburst crackers, people wear new clothes andprepare special dishes and the elders of thehouse give out money to the children,servants and tenants. The money given iscalled Vishukaineetam.
Question 9
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With reference to Bhagvatism, consider the following statements:

1. It supported animal sacrifices in line with vedic culture.
2. There was no place for tribal gods in bhagvatism.

Select the correct answer using the code givenbelow.

A
1 only

B
2 only

C
Both 1 and 2

D
Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

Bhagvatism originated in post Maurya times. Vishnu was a minor god in Vedic times who represented sun and the fertility cult. Laterhe was merged with a non-Vedic tribal god Narayana and came to be known as Narayan-Vishnu. Narayan was called bhagavat and hisworshippers were called bhagvatas. AlsoVishnu came to be identical with a legendaryhero of the Vrishni tribe of western Indiaknown as Krishna-Vasudeva. By 200 B.C.three streams of worshippers and their godsmerged into one and resulted into creation of Bhagavatism or Vaishanavism. Bhagvatism was marked by bhakti and ahimsa. Theahimsa doctrine suited the agriculturalsociety, and was in keeping with the old cultof life giving fertility associated with vishnu.
Question 10
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Lord Shiva 's image is sometime shown withthree heads like the image of Maheshmurti atElephanta caves. It symbolizes what?

A
different forms of Shiva which includes Bhairava,Uma and Shiva himself.

B
fierce, peaceful and feminine forms of Shiva.

C
presence of Shiva in all directions.

D
Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct inthis context.

Solution

The three faces of Maheshmurti in Elephantacave are with different expressions on theirfaces and different crowns as per their iconographic prescription. The central headis the main Shiva in a calm, peaceful andmeditating state. In the left of main Shivathere is the face of Uma with all femininecharacters. The right face is of Bhairavclearly shown in profile in anger with bulgingeyes and moustache.

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Art and Culture Test - 4

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Art and Culture Test - 4

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Question 1

1 and 3 only

2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Solution

Question 2

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

Question 3

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

3 only

1, 2 and 3

Solution

Question 4

Yoga

Vedanta

Vaisesika

Mimansa

Solution

Question 5

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

3 only

1, 2 and 3

Solution

Question 6

1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Solution

Question 7

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

2 only

1, 2, and 3

Solution

Question 8

1, 2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only

2 and 4 only

Solution

Question 9

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

Question 10

different forms of Shiva which includes Bhairava,Uma and Shiva himself.

fierce, peaceful and feminine forms of Shiva.

presence of Shiva in all directions.

Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct inthis context.

Solution

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