Reproductive System Test - 3

Surgical methods (Vasectomy and Tubectomy), also called sterilisation, are generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevents conception. Sterilisation procedure in the male is called ‘vasectomy’ and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’.

The mechanical measure of population control includes condom (Nirodh), Diaphragm and cervical cap and Intra uterine devices (IUDs).

Sex ratio is the ratio between males and females in a given population. It is generally expressed as number of females per 1000 males.

Due to favorable environmental conditions, the Netherlands has high population density.

• Saheli is the world’s first and only oral non-steroidal contraceptive pill.
• Saheli developed at Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. It is a new oral contraceptive pill for female.
• It contains a non-steroidal preparation called centchroman. Saheli Tablet works by inhibiting the action of estrogens.
• It is taken once a week after an initial intake of twice a week dose for three months.
• All common oral contraceptive pills contain hormones like estrogen or progesterone or a combination of both, only Saheli is free of these steroids and hence has no side effects. 

• Genecology is a branch of ecology which studies genetic variation of species and communities compared to their population distribution in a particular environment.
• The branch of ecology that deals with the biological relationship between an individual organism or an individual species and its environment.

But the given reason is not the correct explanation of the given Assertion

• GIFT refers to Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.
• GIFT is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
• In this technique, transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube (GIFT) of another female who cannot produce one but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo.
• This allows fertilisation to take place inside the woman's body. Therefore, this variation is actually an in vivo fertilisation, not an in vitro fertilisation.

• Pertussis is a respiratory illness is commonly known as whooping cough, is a very contagious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.
• These bacteria attach to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system.
• People with pertussis usually spread the disease to another person by coughing or sneezing or when spending a lot of time near one another where you share breathing space. 
• Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus and is spread primarily by sexual contact and contaminated syringes and transfusion equipment.
• Aids is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and get transmitted through blood and also by sexual contact.
• Syphilis is sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.