Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test - 1

In amphibians, three different modes of respiration are seen. They can respire by cutaneous, pulmonary as well as buccal respiration. Adult amphibians breathe through lungs. The skin acts as an accessory respiratory organ, both in water and, on land. Buccal respiration is seen in frogs and toads.

Haemo­cyanin is always found in dissolved condi­tion in the plasma of the blood of cephalopods. It is a blue-green copper containing respira­tory pigment.

Pre-inspiratory volume gets restored when the diaphragm, ribs and sternum return to the resting position. This happens when air is exhaled.

Blood leaving from the tissues has high pCO₂. Thus, the blood is deoxygenated. Briefly, the blood entering the tissues has pCO₂ of 40 mm of Hg and, that of the tissues is 46 mm Hg. So, CO₂ from the tissues diffuses into the blood.

Schneiderian membrane is the mucous membrane that lines the nasal chambers.

In the air passageway, the air from the larynx passes to the trachea.

Cricoid cartilage forms the first ring of the trachea. This is the only cartilage which is a complete ring rather than a c-shaped ring.

The main symptom of laryngospasm is choking and the difficulty or inability to breathe or speak, a feeling of suffocation, which may be followed by hypoxia-induced loss of consciousness.

The temporary absence or voluntary cessation of breathing, especially during sleeping, is referred to as apnea.

The vital capacity in the lungs of athletes is high. Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lungs' expansion,resulting in a decreased lung volume.