Human Health and Disease Test - 4

Pneumonia and common cold are transmitted by droplet infection. Both the diseases affect the respiratory tract.

Typhoid is symptomised by high fever, weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache, and loss of appetite, and intestinal perforation. Death may occur in severe cases.

Infective agent of filariasis multiplies in the lymph node of humans. Wuchereria bancrofti worm lives in the lymph vessels and block them. This causes swelling of the body parts like, legs scrotum, foot, etc. and causes elephantiasis.

Hemozoin is a disposal product formed from the digestion of blood by plasmodium.

Enteritis is also caused by viruses like Rotavirus and Norovirus.

Skin and cilia serve as physical barriers of immunity. The skin has thick layer of dead cells in the epidermis which provides a physical barrier. Cilia line the upper respiratory tract, trap and propel inhaled debris to throat. The beating of these cilia transports the pathogens to the pharynx or nose, where they are swallowed or sneezed out.

NK cells (natural killer cells) provide responses to the virus infected cells and phagocytose them. NK cells are unique as they have the ability to recognise stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction.

Naturally acquired passive immunity is that which a newborn child receives from his mother through placenta. It is also provided through colostrum and breast milk.

IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in body fluids and the second most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma. IgG is the most abundant and diverse antibody in plasma.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. It is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part. It is caused due to chronic joint inflammation.