Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The signal transduction of steroid hormone across cell is through

A
binding of hormone to the cytoplasmic receptor and the complex binds to hormone response element on DNA within promoter DNA

B
binding of hormone to the transmembrane receptor which initiates the production of second messenger that activates enzymes which further activates transcription factors

C
binding of hormone to the transmembrane receptor which diffuse inside the cell cytoplasm and then activates the enzyme necessary for the activation of transcription factors

D
binding of hormone to the cytoplasmic receptor that initiates the production of second messenger which activates enzymes that further activates transcription factors

Solution

Steroid hormones, being hydrophobic molecules, diffuse freely into all cells and act within the cell. Steroid hormones enter the cytoplasm of a target cell and bind with specific receptor proteins (mobile). Hormone-receptor complex then diffuses into nucleus and activates specific genes to form a new protein. This protein carries out the specific response for a particular steroid hormone.
Question 2
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According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, then the target organ will

A
continue to respond to the hormone without any difference

B
not respond to the hormone

C
continue to respond to the hormone but will require

D
higher concentration

Solution

Hormones recognise target organs by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the plasma membrane of target organs, if these receptor molecules are removed then a hormone will be unable to give any response.
Question 3
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Which one of the following hormones never reaches to cytoplasm?

A
Estrogen

B
FSH

C
Progesterone

D
Testosterone

Solution

FSH is a proteinaceous hormone. It does not enter its target cells, thus, it never reaches to cytoplasm. Instead, it binds to the receptor present on the cell membrane and activates a membrane bound enzyme that causes conversion of ATP to cAMP. This then alters the activities of enzymes in the cytoplasm.
Question 4
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Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones, and are most likely bind to

A
membrane ions channels

B
enzyme-linked membrane receptors

C
G-protein linked membrane receptors

D
cytoplasmic receptors

Solution

Estrogen and testosterone being steroid hormones are soluble in lipids, therefore they can cross the plasma membrane and bind to the cytoplasmic receptors to trigger their action.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

A
Insulin, glucagon

B
Thyroxine, insulin

C
Somatostatin, oxytocin

D
Cortisol, testosterone

Solution

Cortisol and testosterone are steroid hormones and are easily soluble in lipids. They regulate gene expression by the interaction of hormone receptor complex with the genome. So, these easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it.